{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:02:58Z","timestamp":1790420578275,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"\n \n Introduction<\/jats:italic>\n :\n <\/jats:title>\n High-level aminoglycoside resistance due to methylase genes has been reported in several countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of the genes encoding 16S rRNA methylase and their association with resistance phenotype in Enterobacteriacae isolates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>\n :\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Based on sampling size formula, from February to August 2014, a total of 307 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from five hospitals in northwest Iran. The disk diffusion method for amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for aminoglycosides (except streptomycin), was used. Six 16S rRNA methylase genes (\n armA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n npmA<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n rmtA<\/jats:italic>\n \u2013\n D<\/jats:italic>\n ) were screened by PCR and sequencing assays.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n Results<\/jats:italic>\n :\n <\/jats:title>\n \n In this study, 220 (71.7%) of 307 isolates were aminoglycoside resistant and 40 isolates (18.2%, 40\/220) were positive for methylase genes. The frequency of\n armA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n rmtC<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n npmA<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n rmtB<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n rmtA<\/jats:italic>\n genes was 9.5%, 4.5%, 3.6%, 2.3%, and 1%, respectively. The\n rmtD<\/jats:italic>\n gene was not detected in the tested bacteria. Sixty percent of positive methylase gene isolates displayed high-level resistance (MIC \u2265512\u2009\u03bcg\/mL to amikacin and kanamycin; and MIC \u2265128\u2009\u03bcg\/mL to gentamicin and tobramycin).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n :\n <\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of resistance to aminoglycoside in Iran is high. Furthermore, there is a statistically significant association between amikacin and kanamycin resistance with the presence of\n rmtC<\/jats:italic>\n and\n rmtB<\/jats:italic>\n genes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T15:11:26Z","timestamp":1560870686000},"page":"1261-1265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["High-Level Resistance to Aminoglycosides due to 16S rRNA Methylation in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Yeganeh Sefidan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalda","family":"Mohammadzadeh-Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Ghotaslou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.7.2949-2953.2005","article-title":"Worldwide disseminated armA aminoglycoside resistance methylase gene is borne by composite transposon Tn1548","volume":"49","author":"Galimand M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Galimand M., , Sabtcheva S., , Courvalin P., , and Lambert T. 2005. 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