{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:25:21Z","timestamp":1793406321087,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Enterococci are a natural component of the intestinal flora of many organisms, including humans and birds. As opportunistic pathogens, they can cause fatal infections of the urinary tract and endocarditis in humans, whereas in poultry symptoms are joint disease, sepsis, and falls in the first week of life. The study covered 107\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains\u201456 isolated from humans and 51 from turkeys. Among the isolates investigated\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in 80.36% of human and 80.39% of turkey samples.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    was identified in 8.93% of human and 17.65% of turkey strains. The highest percentage of the strains was resistant to tetracycline as follows: 48 (85.71%) and 48 (94.12%) of human and turkey strains, respectively. Resistance to erythromycin occurred in 37.50% of the human and in 76.47% of turkey strains, otherwise 27.10% of all strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. Our study revealed that 25% of human and 15.69% of turkey strains were resistant to vancomycin. Multidrug resistance showed in 32.14% and 43.14% of human and turkey strains, respectively. The tetracycline resistance gene,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetM,<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in 82.24% of all strains analyzed, whereas the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetO<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was found in 53.57% of human but only in 7.84% of turkey strains. The vancomycin resistance gene (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vanA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was detected in seven\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains (six isolated from turkeys and one from humans). The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ermB<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene (resistance to macrolide) was detected in 55.14% of all isolates (42.86% of human and 68.63% of turkey strains), whereas the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ermA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was detected in 17.65% of turkey but only in 3.57% of human isolates. All the strains had the ability to form biofilms. A stronger biofilm was formed after 24-hour incubation by strains isolated from turkeys, whereas after 48 hours of incubation all examined strains produced strong biofilm.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T10:46:00Z","timestamp":1548845160000},"page":"277-286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation in\n                    <i>Enterococcus<\/i>\n                    spp. Isolated from Humans and Turkeys in Poland"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Wo\u017aniak-Biel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Bugla-P\u0142osko\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Burdzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Korzekwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ploch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT Lab, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Wieliczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2004.01518.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(03)00177-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2017.1359403"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185199"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.10.6318-6322.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Human infections caused by glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus spp: are they a zoonosis? Clin","volume":"4","author":"Sundsfjord A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sundsfjord A., , Simonsen G.S., , and Courvalin P.. 2001. Human infections caused by glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus spp: are they a zoonosis? Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 7 Suppl, 4:16\u201333.","journal-title":"Microbiol. Infect. 7 Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-007-0115-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.8.2032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.6.5.733"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.12.7153-7160.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2011.01442.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 2017. 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