{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:28:42Z","timestamp":1777922922099,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Emergence of multidrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a major causative agent of bacterial dysentery, has generated many concerns not only in China but also worldwide. However, the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      resistance caused by integron in the nonpopular season of diarrhea is not clear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty-one\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 22\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      samples collected in December 2010 from 10 cities of China were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility, gene cassettes, widespread of integrons, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 29 (93.5%)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 20 (90.9%)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Class 1 integrons were detected in 25 (80.6%)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      and in 13 (59.1%)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates; class 2 integrons were detected in 26 (83.9%)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      and in 19 (86.4%)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. Interestingly, the atypical class 1 integrons were mostly detected in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      (45.2%) isolates, whereas in only 1 (4.5%)\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate. DNA sequencing revealed two novel cassette arrays,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dfrA5<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aacA4-cmlA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , of class 1 integrons in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dfrA17-aadA5<\/jats:italic>\n                      in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates. The cassette arrays,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dfrA1-sat1-aadA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      of class 2 integron and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        bla\n                        <jats:sub>oxa-30<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      -\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aadA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      of atypical class 1 integron, were also identified. PFGE profiles demonstrated A6 subtype of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains prevalent in Shanghai, Changchun, Jinan, and Changsha; and F6 subtype of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                      prevalent in Jinan, Changchun, and Shanghai.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The dissemination of MDR\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains with integrons makes it an increasing public health problem in China. Increased surveillance and the development of adequate prevention strategies are warranted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T12:06:49Z","timestamp":1564661209000},"page":"1465-1474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant\n                    <i>Shigella flexneri<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Shigella sonnei<\/i>\n                    with Class 1, Class 2, and Atypical Class 1 Integrons in China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Haiquan","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruru","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China."},{"name":"Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"651","article-title":"Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies","volume":"77","author":"Kotloff K.L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kotloff K.L., , Winickoff J.P, , Ivanoff B., , Clemens J.D, , Swerdlow D.L, , Sansonetti P.J, , Adak G.K, , and Levine M.M. 1999. 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