{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:16Z","timestamp":1787008216798,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The increasing incidence of carbapenem-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (CRKP) strains is considered as a terrifying public health concern. This study target was to gain a further insight into the virulence traits of CRKP isolates in Egypt. The study was carried out by using 43 clinical\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing, biofilm formation assay, and molecular characterization of carbapenemase and virulence genes were done for all isolates. In addition, the genotypic relationship between CRKP isolates was identified by using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reactions (ERIC-PCRs). A\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    survival assay was adopted for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    testing of virulence of the CRKP. Carbapenem resistance was exhibited among 58% (25\/43) isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of carbapenem-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (CRKP) ranged from 32 to 128\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Biofilm assay has revealed that 21 isolates (49%) had moderate biofilm formation and 11 isolates (25.5%) were strong biofilm producers.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    was recognized in 20.9% (9\n                    <jats:bold>\/<\/jats:bold>\n                    43) of the isolates, while\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>\n                    was observed in 18.5% (8\/43). Type 3 fimbriae (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mrkD<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">entB<\/jats:italic>\n                    were addressed among 72.1% and 62.8% of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, respectively. The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ybtS<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">iutA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were detected among 44.2% and 37.2% of the isolates, respectively. ERIC-PCR showed 23 genetic profiles among CRKP isolates. CRKP biofilm producers were virulent according to the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">G. mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    model, which indicates the importance of biofilm as a virulence trait among CRKP. This study indicates the emergence of CRKP with increased virulence traits, especially biofilm formation, in Egypt. This alarming report highlights the ongoing need for effective screening procedures and strict infection control measures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T12:14:57Z","timestamp":1556540097000},"page":"1063-1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Study of the Virulence Traits of Carbapenem-Resistant\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    Isolates in a\n                    <i>Galleria mellonella<\/i>\n                    Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud A.F.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raghda","family":"Hager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6, th October City, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadwa","family":"Abd-El Reheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman E.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer","family":"Samir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Industrial Science, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6, th October City, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawsan S.","family":"Moawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Center (N.R.C), Giza, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enas M.","family":"Hefzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2006.21.5.816"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2015.321"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes8010039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30021-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens3030743"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2583-2590.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.3.420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1438-4221(00)80102-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2008.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588383"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05114-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000872"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"Mac Faddin J.F. 2000. 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