{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:49:20Z","timestamp":1791924560423,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aims of the study are to evaluate the activity of sulbactam, meropenem, and polymyxin B alone and in combination against six isolates of extremely drug resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and to determine dosing regimens that achieve a sufficient joint probability of target attainment (PTA) based on combination antimicrobial pharmacodynamics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The combinations were evaluated by the checkerboard method and were considered synergistic when the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) \u22640.5. Pharmacodynamic analyses were carried out by evaluating dosing regimens that achieve \u226590% joint PTA at the percentage of time over a 24-h period wherein the free drug concentration is above the minimum inhibitory concentration (%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">f<\/jats:italic>\n                      T&gt; MIC) of 40% and 60% for meropenem and sulbactam, respectively, and 20 for the ratio of the area under the free drug concentration-time curve over MIC (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">f<\/jats:italic>\n                      AUC\/MIC) for polymyxin B.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For both polymyxin B-resistant and susceptible isolates, the addition of sulbactam in combination with meropenem and subinhibitory concentration of polymyxin B showed important synergistic activity (five isolates; FICI \u22640.281); the recommended dosing regimens were 2\/4\u2009g meropenem\/sulbactam q8 hours and 0.5\u2009mg\/kg polymyxin B q12 hours.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      study showed that sulbactam can significantly improve the action of meropenem and polymyxin B in OXA-producing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates, especially when there are no new treatment options available for infections caused by these microorganisms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T12:22:27Z","timestamp":1560946947000},"page":"1266-1274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Pharmacodynamic Effects of Sulbactam\/Meropenem\/Polymyxin-B Combination Against Extremely Drug Resistant\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    Using Checkerboard Information"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Thatiany Cevallos","family":"Menegucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia M\u00e9dica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayara Helisandra","family":"Fedrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia M\u00e9dica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda Gomes","family":"Lodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia M\u00e9dica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Albiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia M\u00e9dica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila Alexandra Belini","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia M\u00e9dica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josmar","family":"Mazucheli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioestat\u00edstica, Departamento de Estat\u00edstica, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floristher Elaine","family":"Carrara-Marroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia, An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Maring\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nivea Maria Falc\u00e3o","family":"Voelkner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherwin K.B.","family":"Sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioestat\u00edstica, Departamento de Estat\u00edstica, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina Bronharo","family":"Tognim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Microbiologia M\u00e9dica, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1032254"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","unstructured":"CLSI. 2017. 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