{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:39:28Z","timestamp":1791725968383,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although Enterococci compromise an essential part of normal gut microbiota of both animals and humans, they have emerged as a leading opportunistic pathogen causing infections. The pathogenesis of enterococci is attributed to an array of virulence determinants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to explore the prevalence and characteristics of enterococcal clinical isolates collected from Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt, assess their ability to form biofilm, and the correlation with virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 70 Enterococcal clinical isolates were collected from different clinical sources between June and December 2016. Biofilm formation capacity was assessed, and characterization of virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility was performed. Clonal relatedness between isolates was assessed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The molecular analysis demonstrated high genetic diversity among enterococcal clinical isolates. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gelE<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most frequently detected gene (91.4%), followed by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">asa1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (70%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">esp<\/jats:italic>\n                      (65.7%), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cylA<\/jats:italic>\n                      (17.1%), while\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">hyl<\/jats:italic>\n                      was not detected in any isolate. Gelatinase activity was detected in 35.7%, while hemolysin and lipase activity was detected in 12.9% and 78.5%, respectively. Most of the enterococcal isolates were biofilm producers, of which 67.1% were strong\/moderate biofilm producers. All linezolid-resistant isolates exhibited strong\/moderate biofilm formation capacity. Strong\/moderate biofilm formation was more frequently observed among\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">esp<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">esp+<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and gelatinase nonproducing (gelatinase\u2212) enterococcal isolates. Multiple regression analysis denoted that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">esp<\/jats:italic>\n                      (odds ratio [OR] 5.371,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) and gelatinase production (OR 0.264,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015) were associated with strong\/moderate biofilm formation capacity. These findings suggest that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">esp<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene positivity and gelatinase production may affect biofilm formation capacity among enterococcal clinical isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T15:02:43Z","timestamp":1551279763000},"page":"880-889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Incidence of Virulence Determinants Among Enterococcal Clinical Isolates in Egypt and Its Association with Biofilm Formation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Basant Elmetwally","family":"Aladarose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba Shehta","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman Salama","family":"Abdelmegeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091213-113003","article-title":"Friend turned foe: evolution of enterococcal virulence and antibiotic resistance","volume":"68","author":"Van Tyne D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Tyne D., , and Gilmore M.S.. 2014. 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