{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:29:08Z","timestamp":1777922948174,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cholera, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , remains a major problem in developing countries. Although the disease can be managed by oral rehydration therapy, antibiotics are widely used nowadays to treat the disease. However, chemoprophylaxis has been proven to have no effect on the spread of the disease, but acts as a major driver for antimicrobial resistance (AMR).\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    has evolved different ways to combat antibiotics used against them. This review comprehends the different molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , gaps in the development of new antibiotics, and the alternative strategies that can be used to treat the disease. The review advocates the use of antivirulence compounds rather than antibacterial compounds as a strategy to limit the increasing AMR. Also, the review expounds the role of community in preventing the diseases and tackling the global burden of AMR.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T10:13:47Z","timestamp":1556187227000},"page":"1012-1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Molecular Adaptations and Antibiotic Resistance in\n                    <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n                    : A Communal Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lekshmi","family":"Narendrakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India."},{"name":"Research Scholar, University of Kerala, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjukta Sen","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Haryana, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thandavarayan","family":"Ramamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Haryana, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabu","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00045-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70780-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001974"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"871","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy of cholera","volume":"36","author":"Lindenbaum J.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Lindenbaum J., , Greenough W.B.III, , and Islam M.R.. 1967. 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