{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:29:01Z","timestamp":1777922941301,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      represents the most common etiologic agent of purulent infections, affecting humans and animals.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      is one of the principal causes of infectious diseases, mainly diarrheal diseases due to enterotoxin action. There are many reports indicating that these bacteria are multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial and modulatory activities of 5-hydroxy-3,7,4\u2032-trimethoxyflavone (VG.EF.CLII) against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      5-Hydroxy-3,7,4\u2032-trimethoxyflavone was isolated from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vitex gardneriana<\/jats:italic>\n                      Schauer leaves and structurally characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance. The antibacterial effect of VG.EF.CLII and modulation of antibiotic activity, both determined by minimum inhibitory concentration, were assessed using microtiter plates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VG.EF.CLII showed bacterial growth inhibition at concentrations \u2264512\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, and synergistic effects were observed for the modulation of two distinct antibiotic classes (the fluoroquinolone norfloxacin and the aminoglycoside gentamicin).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      5-Hydroxy-3,7,4\u2032-trimethoxyflavone isolated from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">V. gardneriana<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed promising antimicrobial activity against MDR bacterial strains\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      358 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      27 when associated with the antibiotics norfloxacin and gentamicin. Therefore, this natural product can contribute to the control of bacterial resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T11:31:19Z","timestamp":1549884679000},"page":"434-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Structural and Microbiological Characterization of 5-Hydroxy-3,7,4\u2032-Trimethoxyflavone: A Flavonoid Isolated from\n                    <i>Vitex gardneriana<\/i>\n                    Schauer Leaves"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Iasminy","family":"Macedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o H.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil."},{"name":"Science and Technology Centre, Federal University of Cariri, Fortaleza, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscila T.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz G.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean P.C.","family":"do Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Centre\u2014Chemistry Course, State University Vale do Acara\u00fa, Sobral, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lcio S.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Centre\u2014Chemistry Course, State University Vale do Acara\u00fa, Sobral, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo N.","family":"Bandeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Centre\u2014Chemistry Course, State University Vale do Acara\u00fa, Sobral, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elnatan B.","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Course, Center for Agrarian and Biological Sciences, Herbarium Professor Jos\u00e9 de Abreu Matos, State University of Vale do Acara\u00fa, Sobral, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria R.","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrique D.M.","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raimundo","family":"Braz-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICE-UFRRJ\/Chemical Sciences Laboratory, FAPERJ\/Chemistry Department, CCT-UENF, Campus dos Goytacazes, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre M.R.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.22.2976"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(88)90001-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-1978(94)90089-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2012.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S151860"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2017.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b01055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2017.909"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.120522"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"339","article-title":"Molluscicidal activity of extracts and aucubin of Vitex gardneriana Schauer (Verbenaceae) in embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata","volume":"26","author":"S\u00e1 Barreto L.C.L.","year":"2007","unstructured":"S\u00e1 Barreto L.C.L., , E.F.N.d.B. 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