{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:42:41Z","timestamp":1779885761350,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue, particularly when it affects critically important antimicrobials such as third-generation cephalosporins (3GC). The objective of this study was to characterize\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from healthy chickens in Qu\u00e9bec in farms where ceftiofur has been administered to chickens\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in ovo<\/jats:italic>\n                    over a long period with regard to their AMR, multidrug resistance (MDR), potential virulence, clonality, and possession of plasmids of the incompatibility groups carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)\/AmpC genes. More than 62% of indicator isolates were MDR with resistance observed for each of the nine classes of antimicrobials tested by disk diffusion. 3GC resistance was encoded by the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      bla\n                      <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    gene (26.7% in indicator isolates), whereas\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      bla\n                      <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    was only detected in isolates selected after supplementation with ceftriaxone (3\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      bla\n                      <jats:sub>CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates). Examination of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      bla\n                      <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed clustering of isolates originating from different floors of the livestock building within farms. The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      bla\n                      <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was carried on replicon plasmids FIB, I1, K\/B, and B\/O, whereas\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      bla\n                      <jats:sub>CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was located on I1 as demonstrated by transformation experiments; some of these plasmids cotransferred nonsusceptibility against tetracycline or sulfonamides. In addition, six isolates, of which three were AmpC-producers, were defined as potential human extraintestinal pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In summary, this study showed that ESBLs\/AmpC-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from apparently healthy chickens in Qu\u00e9bec, Canada predominantly possess\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      bla\n                      <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    rather than\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      bla\n                      <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    maybe because of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in ovo<\/jats:italic>\n                    use of ceftiofur to prevent omphalitis and may be spread through clones or plasmids, and that some of these isolates could be capable of infecting humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T12:10:21Z","timestamp":1556626221000},"page":"1111-1121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance and Potential Pathogenicity of\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolates from Healthy Broilers in Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Passoret","family":"Vounba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Arsenault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rianatou","family":"Bada-Alamb\u00e9dji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Inter-Etats des Sciences et M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires (EISMV) de Dakar-S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, Dakar, Senegal."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Morris","family":"Fairbrother","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA) and the Research Group on Zoonoses and Public Health (GREZOSP), Saint-Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2013.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"299","article-title":"Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)","volume":"30","author":"Dho-Moulin M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dho-Moulin M., , and Fairbrother J.M.. 1999. 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