{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:46:46Z","timestamp":1790232406953,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Food-producing animals are recognized to play a role in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Canada. However, the presence of resistant organisms in particular groups of animals, such as chickens raised in small-holder flocks, has not been studied. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to identify and characterize\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    possessing broad-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase genes among a collection of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant isolates recovered from 205 small flocks in southern Ontario. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL; CTX-M-1) positive strains were isolated from 26 out of 205 flocks (12.7%), whereas 39 strains possessing AmpC (CMY-2) were grown from 31 out of 205 flocks (15.1%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed that the isolates were genetically heterogeneous. Further testing by multi-locus sequence typing confirmed that none of the PFGE-defined clusters belonged to ST131. Our results suggest that the dissemination of this resistance in bacteria isolated from chickens in small-holder flocks may be associated with the spread of plasmids rather than particular\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    clones and that these isolates do not possess the ESBL types most commonly associated with human infections (CTX-M-15).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T16:31:08Z","timestamp":1559579468000},"page":"1250-1256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase and AmpC \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolates from Chickens Raised in Small Flocks in Ontario, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kazal K.","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey A.","family":"Lebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"McEwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Reid-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Deckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Agunos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Alexandra","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013. Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States 2013. 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Last updated Dec. 2017. Standard Operating Procedure for PulseNet PFGE of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Escherichia coli non-O157 (STEC) Salmonella serotypes Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri. CDC PulseNet Atlanta GA. Available at www.cdc.gov\/pulsenet\/PDF\/ecoli-shigella-salmonella-pfge-protocol-508c.pdf (accessed November1 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05172.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03106-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2014.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02491-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"90","article-title":"Comparative possession of Shiga toxin, intimin, enterohaemolysin and major extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) genes in Escherichia coli isolated from backyard and farmed poultry","volume":"16","author":"Samanta I.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Samanta I., , Joardar S.N, , Das P.K, , and Sar T.K. 2015. 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