{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:29:25Z","timestamp":1777922965004,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolated from pediatric diarrhea patients in central Iran.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stool specimens (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009230) were investigated using a modified Gram stain, two specific culture media, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      -specific PCR. Antibiotic resistance profiles and relevant resistance genes were determined. Genetic relationships among a selection of the isolates were studied by Fla typing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of the 230 diarrhea samples, 48 (20.8%) cases of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      were identified using modified Gram stain, 45 (19.5%) using the culture media, and 76 (33%) cases were identified using PCR. The highest antibiotic resistance rates were observed in 37 (82.2%) strains against tetracycline, in 32 (71.1%) against ciprofloxacin, and in 31 (68.8%) against erythromycin. Twenty (44.4%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin simultaneously. Genotypic investigations found 36 (97.3%) strains carrying the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tet<\/jats:italic>\n                      (o) gene, 31 (96.8%) harboring the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cme<\/jats:italic>\n                      B gene, 22 (68.7%) strains with the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gyr<\/jats:italic>\n                      A6 gene, 20 (64.5%) strains containing a 23S rRNA mutation, and 21 (65.6%) strains with the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnr<\/jats:italic>\n                      S gene. Fla typing of a random subset of 14 strains revealed 11 different types showing the genomic diversity of the isolates. Strains sharing the same Fla type could be easily distinguished by their resistance gene profile.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is the first study to demonstrate that genetically diverse quinolone\u2013macrolide-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n                      is an important cause of gastroenteritis in children from central Iran. Pediatricians should consider these resistance features once the antibiotic prescription is necessary for prevention of possible complications, especially in those under 5 years of age. Of note, most cases of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      diarrhea are self-limiting and antibiotics should only be prescribed in those cases where severe complications evolve.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T10:14:10Z","timestamp":1556187250000},"page":"1080-1086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Quinolone and Macrolide-Resistant\n                    <i>Campylobacter jejuni<\/i>\n                    in Pediatric Gastroenteritis Patients from Central Iran"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Elnaz","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"van Belkum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Analytics Department, BioM\u00e9rieux, La Balme les Grottes, France."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehsanollah","family":"Ghaznavi-Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran."},{"name":"Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GHTC.2017.8239344"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0736"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2017.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.4415"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-011-9071-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"e7765","article-title":"Intestinal parasites in children with lymphohematopoietic malignancy in Iran, Mashhad","volume":"6","author":"Zabolinejad N.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zabolinejad N., , Berenji F., , Bayati Eshkaftaki E., , Badeii Z., , Banihashem A., , and Afzalaqaei M.. 2013. 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