{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T21:31:49Z","timestamp":1785360709838,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    has emerged as a problematic multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    from Jeddah, a coastal city in the western region of Saudi Arabia that has an \u223c50% expatriate population. In this study, 135 nonrepetitive clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    were identified through MALDI-TOF and susceptibility was determined with VITEK-2 systems and broth microdilution method. Genotypic characterization of the isolates was performed by using M13 primer typing and polymerase chain reaction screening was performed for carbapenemase genes, insertion sequences, metallo-\u03b2-lactamases, and cephalosporinase genes. The isolates were recovered from heterogeneous clinical specimens, and the majority of the cases of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection were acquired in the hospital and predominantly involved patients who were older than 50 years. Total, 58.5% of the isolates were MDR, and 55.6% isolates were resistant to carbapenem antibiotics. Approximately half of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, and cefepime among the \u03b2-lactam antibiotics and ciprofloxacin from the quinolone group. The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-23-like<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene and IS\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aba1<\/jats:italic>\n                    upstream of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-23-like<\/jats:sub>\n                    were detected in 92% of the carbapenem-resistant isolates, while all carbapenem-resistant isolates were found to carry\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-51-like,<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>ADC<\/jats:sub>\n                    -type cephalosporinase gene. The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>IMP<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene was detected in 84% isolates, and two isolates carried the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene. Data demonstrate the coexistence of multiple carbapenem resistance determinants in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    from the western region of Saudi Arabia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T12:22:12Z","timestamp":1560946932000},"page":"1297-1305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Molecular Characterization of Clinical Strains of\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    in Western Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Waseem","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."},{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Yasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Farman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."},{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asif A.","family":"Jiman-Fatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."},{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratories, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad B.","family":"Almasaudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Alawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."},{"name":"Infection Control &amp; Environmental Health Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"El-Hossary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratories, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esam I.","family":"Azhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.09.013","article-title":"The strategic plan for combating antimicrobial resistance in Gulf Cooperation Council States, KSA perspective","volume":"10","author":"Assiri A.M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Assiri A.M., , and Banjar W.M. 2017. The strategic plan for combating antimicrobial resistance in Gulf Cooperation Council States, KSA perspective. J. Infect. Public Health, 10:485\u2013486.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3916874","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3916874","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of self-medication with antibiotics in Al Wazarat Health Center, Riyadh City, KSA","volume":"2016","author":"Al Rasheed A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al Rasheed A., , Yagoub U., , Alkhashan H., , Abdelhay O., , Alawwad A., , Al Aboud A., , and Al Battal S. 2016. Prevalence and predictors of self-medication with antibiotics in Al Wazarat Health Center, Riyadh City, KSA. Biomed Res. Int. 2016:3916874.","journal-title":"Biomed Res. 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Global epidemiology on colistin resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 4:287.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis. Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.183946","article-title":"Emergence of multidrug resistance and metallo-beta-lactamase producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients in Shiraz, Iran","volume":"6","author":"Moghadam M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moghadam M., , Motamedifar M., , Sarvari J., , Ebrahim-Saraie H.S, , Same M.M, , and Moghadam F. 2016. Emergence of multidrug resistance and metallo-beta-lactamase producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients in Shiraz, Iran. Ann. Med. Health Sci. Res. 6:162\u2013167.","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Health Sci. 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