{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:22:10Z","timestamp":1790504530360,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Drug resistance is of great importance to human and animal health, but wild environments are still poorly understood in terms of their function as reservoirs of dangerous microbes and resistance determinants. The aim of the study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria from wildlife in Tuscany, Italy. Of the 36 mammalian fecal samples, 52 isolates were derived and classified as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (46% of isolates),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus hirae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (19%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (13%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus gallinarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (8%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus casseliflavus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (6%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus durans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (4%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus mundtii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2%), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus canintestini<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2%) using both matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and methods based on analysis of genetic material. The isolates tested showed the most frequent resistance to tetracycline (36.5% isolates), ciprofloxacin (36.5%), and erythromycin (25%). Three isolates showed high level of resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration \u22651,024\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) to vancomycin and teicoplanin, and 15% of the isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance. No isolate resistant to ampicillin, linezolid, or streptomycin was found. Among resistance genes,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6)-Ii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (50% isolates),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">msrA\/B<\/jats:italic>\n                    (48%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">msrC<\/jats:italic>\n                    (42%), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tetM<\/jats:italic>\n                    (31%) were identified most frequently. All\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were positive for the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">efaAfm<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">efaAfs<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, respectively. Other virulence-associated genes, that is,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gelE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cylA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">asa1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">esp<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ace<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">orf1481<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ptsD<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">sgrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were found in the majority of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and several\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. Multilocus sequence typing analysis performed for selected isolates revealed three new sequence types. The results obtained indicate that wild mammals might act as reservoirs of resistance and virulence determinants that could be transferred between different ecosystems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T10:47:17Z","timestamp":1572432437000},"page":"505-519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Antibiotic Susceptibility and Virulence Genes in\n                    <i>Enterococcus<\/i>\n                    Isolates from Wild Mammals Living in Tuscany, Italy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Dec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmara","family":"St\u0119pie\u0144-Py\u015bniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Gnat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Fratini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Urban-Chmiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Cerri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Winiarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Turchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.026385-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02366","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance profiles in Enterococcus spp. isolates from fecal samples of Wild and Captive Black Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) in South Brazil","volume":"9","author":"Grassotti T.T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grassotti T.T., , de Angelis Zvoboda D., , da Fontoura Xavier Costa L., , de Ara\u00fajo A.J.G, , Pereira R.I, , Soares R.O, , Wagner P.G.C, , Frazzon J., , and Frazzon A.P.G. 2018. 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