{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:29:36Z","timestamp":1777922976004,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n The most common macrolide resistance mechanisms in streptococci are the presence of methylase encoding genes\n ermB<\/jats:italic>\n and\n ermTR<\/jats:italic>\n or the presence of efflux encoded by\n mef<\/jats:italic>\n genes. In the present study we aimed to show the effects of the\n ermTR<\/jats:italic>\n gene under isogenic conditions on the activities of macrolides and lincosamides in streptococci.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Total DNA was extracted from\n Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n C1, and the\n ermTR<\/jats:italic>\n gene was amplified with or without the regulatory region using modified primer with insertion of restriction sites to clone in to pUC18. Transformants were selected after electroporation of\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n DB10. The recombinant plasmids were purified and merged to pJIM2246 to transform Gram positive bacteria. Recombinant pJIM2246 plasmids with the\n ermTR<\/jats:italic>\n gene were then introduced into\n S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n NZ131 by electroporation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n After transformation with\n ermTR<\/jats:italic>\n without regulatory region the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for erythromycin and clindamycin increased from \u22640.06 to \u22640.06 to 8 and >128\u2009mg\/L, respectively. Induction with erythromycin affected the MICs for clindamycin of\n S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n transformed with\n ermTR<\/jats:italic>\n with the regulatory region. Double disk testing showed that induction with erythromycin and azithromycin for the\n S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n transformed with\n ermTR<\/jats:italic>\n , and regulatory regions decreased the clindamycin inhibition zone but not telithromycin. The\n ermTR<\/jats:italic>\n gene in isogenic conditions confers low level resistance to erythromycin and high level resistance to clindamycin.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n The different induction and resistance profiles of\n ermTR<\/jats:italic>\n compared to other\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n genes suggest that the methylation of ErmTR may be different than well studied methylases.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T12:27:16Z","timestamp":1579782436000},"page":"747-751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cloned\n ermTR<\/i>\n Gene Confers Low Level Erythromycin but High Level Clindamycin Resistance in\n Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i>\n NZ131"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Erman","family":"Orya\u015f\u0131n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Recombinant DNA and Recombinant Protein Center (REDPROM), Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hac\u0131 Halil","family":"B\u0131y\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Tristram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B\u00fclent","family":"Bozdo\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recombinant DNA and Recombinant Protein Center (REDPROM), Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n, Turkey."},{"name":"Medical Microbiology Department, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Ayd\u0131n, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2004.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sutcliffe J.A. and Leclercq R.. 2002. Mechanisms of resistance to macrolides lincosamides and ketolides. In: W. Sch\u00f6nfeld and H.A. Kirst (eds.) Macrolide antibiotics. Milestones in drug therapy MDT. Birkh\u00e4user Basel.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-8105-0_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9084(87)90215-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.106.3.835-847.1971"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.154.3.1252-1262.1983"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/43.4.559"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.4.797"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.8.2699-2702.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.2.257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2003.00598.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00325-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Sambrook J.F. and Russell D.W ed. 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. New York: 3rd ed. Vol. 1 2 and 3. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","unstructured":"Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. 2015. M7-A10 Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Wayne PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.3.411"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2019.0133","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2019.0133","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2019.0133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:35:51Z","timestamp":1777667751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/mdr.2019.0133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2019.0133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2019.0133","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]}}}