{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:31:00Z","timestamp":1790375460338,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Increase in antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics is the product of the evolution and natural adaptation of microorganisms through mutations and genetic recombination caused by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the ineffective control and prevention of infection. The current study analyzes the profile of multiresistant hospital bacteria in two hospitals in Pelotas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Over the course of 4 months, patient's gender and age, hospital accommodation type, and sample site were evaluated. Two hundred and eighty-six microbiological culture antibiogram reports of hospitalized patients and outpatients of both sexes, between zero and 96 years of age, were analyzed. Bacterium\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most prevalent. The most resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (27.5%);\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (24.1%);\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (14.7%); and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    (14.5%). The most resistant Gram-positive cocci (GPC) were\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                    (27.5%) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (25.5%). The classes of antibiotics with the greatest number of resistant GNB included penicillins (84.8%), quinolones (77.5%), and cephalosporins (75.7%). In the case of GPC, the most resistant were macrolides (95.4%); lincosamides (90.3%), and penicillins (77%). Among GNBs, polypeptides had the highest sensitivity rate (81.3%), whereas, among GPC, fusidanes, glycylcyclines, and lipopeptides had 100% sensitivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T13:26:28Z","timestamp":1595597188000},"page":"433-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Multidrug-Resistant Hospital Bacteria: Epidemiological Factors and Susceptibility Profile"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Marisa Castro","family":"Jara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andressa Vieira","family":"Frediani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiane Knepper","family":"Zehetmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Raphael Pascoti","family":"Bruhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milene Ribeiro","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Laboratory, HE-EBSERH, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3ger Giusti","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Laboratory, HE-EBSERH, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia da Silva","family":"Nascente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"United","article-title":"Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations","author":"O'Neil J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"O'Neil J. 2014. Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations. The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance,, London, United Kingdom.","journal-title":"The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance,"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002184"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics6020012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-9-58"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-015-1280-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3292-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2475067"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"182","article-title":"Principais bact\u00e9rias causadoras de infec\u00e7\u00e3o hospitalar","volume":"10","author":"Sampaio C.P.L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sampaio C.P.L, , Dias I.M, , Faria F.M, , and Oliveira M.V.M. 2013. Principais bact\u00e9rias causadoras de infec\u00e7\u00e3o hospitalar. Rev. Dig. Buenos Aires. 10:182.","journal-title":"Rev. Dig. Buenos Aires"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"Doc05","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance: what is so special about multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria? GMS","volume":"12","author":"Exner M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Exner M., , Bhattacharya S., , Christiansen B., , Gebel J., , Goroncy-Bermes P., , Hartemann P., , Heeg P., , Ilschner C., , Kramer A., , Larson E., , Merkens W., , Mielke M., , Oltmanns P., , Ross B., , Rotter M., , Schmithausen R.M, , Sonntag H.-G, , and Trautmann M.. 2017. Antibiotic resistance: what is so special about multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria? GMS. Hyg. Infect. Control. 12:Doc05.","journal-title":"Hyg. Infect. 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