{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:29:59Z","timestamp":1777922999135,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a waterborne pathogen that causes a severe form of pneumonia called Legionnaires' diseases, which is normally acquired by inhalation of aerosols containing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                      originating from natural and man-made water systems. The aim of this study was to describe the level of antimicrobial susceptibility of environmental\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. strains to preferred and recommended therapeutic agents to treat\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                      disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 60 environmental\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. strains were tested using the broth dilution method. Susceptibility testing was performed for 12 antimicrobial agents: macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin [AZI], and clarithromycin [CLA]), fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin), a ketolide (telithromycin), cefotaxime (CEF), tigecycline (TIG), doxycycline (DOX), and rifampicin (RIF).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All tested strains of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. were inhibited by low concentrations of fluoroquinolones and macrolides. Regarding the macrolides, CLA was the most active antibiotic, and AZI was the least active. RIF was the most effective antibiotic against the isolates\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . All isolates were inhibited by the following antibiotics (in decreasing order of their MICs): DOX&gt;CEF&gt;TIG.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No resistance against these drugs was detected, and all isolates were inhibited by low concentrations of the tested antibiotics. Susceptibility testing of environmental\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. isolates must be monitored often to detect and evaluate the possible development of antibiotic resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T15:03:41Z","timestamp":1583247821000},"page":"991-996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of\n                    <i>Legionella<\/i>\n                    spp. Strains Isolated from Water Systems in Morocco"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Abdelwahid","family":"Assaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprocess and Biointerfaces, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco."},{"name":"Laboratory of Water Microbiology and Environmental Hygiene, Food Safety &amp; Environment Department, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Ellouali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprocess and Biointerfaces, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Latrache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprocess and Biointerfaces, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Timinouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Water Microbiology and Environmental Hygiene, Food Safety &amp; Environment Department, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hafida","family":"Zahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprocess and Biointerfaces, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Karoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Water Microbiology and Environmental Hygiene, Food Safety &amp; Environment Department, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abouddihaj","family":"Barguigua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Sustainable Development of Natural Ressources, Life Sciences Department, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"El Mostafa","family":"Mliji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Water Microbiology and Environmental Hygiene, Food Safety &amp; Environment Department, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.506-526.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00607.x","article-title":"Legionella pneumophila: an aquatic microbe goes astray","volume":"26","author":"Steinert M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Steinert M., , Hentschel U., , and Hacker J.. 2002. Legionella pneumophila: an aquatic microbe goes astray. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 26:149\u2013162.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","volume-title":"Legionella pneumophila","author":"Abdel-Nour M.","year":"1675","unstructured":"Abdel-Nour M., , Duncan C., , Low D.E, , and Guyard C.. 2013. Biofilms: the stronghold of Legionella pneumophila. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14: 21660\u20132, 1675."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2006.03.007","article-title":"Influence of amoebae and physical and chemical characteristics of water on presence and proliferation of Legionella species in hospital water systems","volume":"34","author":"Lasheras A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lasheras A., , Boulestreau H., , Rogues A.-M, , Ohayon-Courtes C., , Labadie J.-C, , and Gachie J.-P.. 2006. Influence of amoebae and physical and chemical characteristics of water on presence and proliferation of Legionella species in hospital water systems. Am. J. Infect. Control. 34:520\u2013525.","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1080\/01694243.2018.1423664","article-title":"Effect of temperature and plumbing materials on biofilm formation by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and 2\u201315","volume":"32","author":"Assaidi A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Assaidi A., , Ellouali M., , Latrache H., , Mabrouki M., , Hamadi F., , Timinouni M., , Zahir H., , El Mdaghri N., , Barguigua A., , and Mliji E.M.. 2018. Effect of temperature and plumbing materials on biofilm formation by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and 2\u201315. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 32:1471\u20131484.","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Sci. Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2010.520159","article-title":"Sessile Legionella pneumophila is able to grow on surfaces and generate structured monospecies biofilms","volume":"26","author":"Pecastaings S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pecastaings S., , Berge M., , Dubourg K.M, , and Roques C.. 2010. Sessile Legionella pneumophila is able to grow on surfaces and generate structured monospecies biofilms. Biofouling. 26:809\u2013819.","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00258"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2007.01245.x","article-title":"Acanthamoeba polyphaga resuscitates viable non-culturable Legionella pneumophila after disinfection","volume":"9","author":"Garcia M.T.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garcia M.T., , Jones S., , Pelaz C., , Millar R.D, , and Abu Kwaik Y.. 2007. Acanthamoeba polyphaga resuscitates viable non-culturable Legionella pneumophila after disinfection. Environ. Microbiol. 9:1267\u20131277.","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2007.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Legionnaires' disease outbreak at a long-term care facility caused by a cooling tower using an automated disinfection system\u2014Ohio, 2013","volume":"78","author":"Quinn C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Quinn C., , Demirjian A., , Watkins L.F, , Tomczyk S., , Lucas C., , Brown E., , Kozak-Muiznieks N., , Benitez A., , Garrison L.E, , Kunz and others J.. 2015. Legionnaires' disease outbreak at a long-term care facility caused by a cooling tower using an automated disinfection system\u2014Ohio, 2013. J. Environ. Health. 78:8\u201313.","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofv164","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv164","article-title":"Legionellosis outbreak associated with a hotel fountain","volume":"2","author":"Smith S.S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith S.S., , Ritger K., , Samala U., , Black S.R, , Okodua M., , Miller L., , Kozak-Muiznieks N.A, , Hicks L.A, , Steinheimer C., , Ewaidah and others S.. 2015. Legionellosis outbreak associated with a hotel fountain. Open Forum Infect. Dis. 2:ofv164.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00052-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1505356","article-title":"Probable person-to-person transmission of Legionnaires' disease","volume":"374","author":"Correia A.M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Correia A.M., , Ferreira J.S, , Borges V., , Nunes A., , Gomes B., , Capucho R., , Goncalves J., , Antunes D.M, , Almeida S., , Mendes and others A.. 2016. Probable person-to-person transmission of Legionnaires' disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 374:497\u2013498.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6102","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01672-16","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 2 to 14 isolates from water samples by amplified fragment length polymorphism and sequence-based typing and detection of virulence traits","volume":"82","author":"Katsiaflaka A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Katsiaflaka A., , Pournaras S., , Kristo I., , Mouchtouri V.A, , Kyritsi M., , Velonakis E., , Vatopoulos A.C, , and Hadjichristodoulou C.. 2016. Epidemiological investigation of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 2 to 14 isolates from water samples by amplified fragment length polymorphism and sequence-based typing and detection of virulence traits. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 82:6102\u20136108.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"598","article-title":"Legionella spp","volume":"15","author":"Papadakis A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papadakis A., , Chochlakis D., , Sandalakis V., , Keramarou M., , Tselentis Y., , and Psaroulaki A.. 2018. Legionella spp. risk assessment in recreational and garden areas of hotels. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 15:598.","journal-title":"risk assessment in recreational and garden areas of hotels. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2010.05.006","article-title":"Legionella infections and travel associated legionellosis","volume":"9","author":"Guyard C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyard C., , and Low D.E.. 2011. Legionella infections and travel associated legionellosis. Travel Med. Infect. Di. 9:176\u2013186.","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Di"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7628","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3740-8","article-title":"Environmental surveillance and molecular epidemiology of waterborne pathogen Legionella pneumophila in health-care facilities of Northeastern Greece: a 4-year survey","volume":"22","author":"Alexandropoulou I.G.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alexandropoulou I.G., , Ntougias S., , Konstantinidis T.G, , Parasidis T.A, , Panopoulou M., , and Constantinidis T.C.. 2015. Environmental surveillance and molecular epidemiology of waterborne pathogen Legionella pneumophila in health-care facilities of Northeastern Greece: a 4-year survey. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 22:7628\u20137640.","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04129.x","article-title":"Differentiate to thrive: lessons from the Legionella pneumophila life cycle","volume":"53","author":"Molofsky A.B.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Molofsky A.B., , and Swanson M.S.. 2004. Differentiate to thrive: lessons from the Legionella pneumophila life cycle. Mol. Microbiol. 53:29\u201340.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"e103","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility surveillance of environmental Legionella strains: application of the E-test to bacteria isolated from hospitals in Greece","volume":"1","author":"Alexandropoulou I.G.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alexandropoulou I.G., , Parasidis T.A, , Konstantinidis T.G, , Constantinidis T.C, , and Panopoulou M.. 2013. Antibiotic susceptibility surveillance of environmental Legionella strains: application of the E-test to bacteria isolated from hospitals in Greece. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 1:e103.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis. Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560902900820","article-title":"Treatment strategies for Legionella infection","volume":"10","author":"Pedro-Botet M.L.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pedro-Botet M.L., , and Yu V.L.. 2009. Treatment strategies for Legionella infection. Expert. Opin. Pharmacother. 10:1109\u20131121.","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Pharmacother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/428049"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-009-1293-y","article-title":"In vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against Legionella isolated from environmental water systems: first results from Turkey","volume":"171","author":"Erdogan H.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Erdogan H., , Can F., , Demirbilek M., , Timurkaynak F., , and Arslan H.. 2010. In vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against Legionella isolated from environmental water systems: first results from Turkey. Environ. Monit. Assess. 171:487\u2013491.","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","unstructured":"EUCAST. 2017. European Committee on Antimicrobials Susceptibility Testing. Antimicrobials susceptibily testing of Legionella pneumophila. Guidance document on Legionella. Available at www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/src\/media\/PDFs\/EUCAST_files\/General_documents\/Legionella_guidance_document_20171208.pdf (Accessed March9 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","first-page":"678","volume":"12","author":"Sandalakis V.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sandalakis V., , Chochlakis D., , Goniotakis I., , Tselentis Y., , and Psaroulaki A.. 2014. Minimum inhibitory concentration distribution in environmental Legionella spp. isolates. J. Water. Health. 12:678\u2013685.","journal-title":"Minimum inhibitory concentration distribution in environmental Legionella spp. isolates. J. Water. Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00142-09","article-title":"Mycotic aortic aneurysm associated with Legionella anisa","volume":"47","author":"Tanabe M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tanabe M., , Nakajima H., , Nakamura A., , Ito T., , Nakamura M., , Shimono T., , Wada H., , Shimpo H., , Nobori T., , and Ito M.. 2009. Mycotic aortic aneurysm associated with Legionella anisa. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47:2340\u20132343.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1Q074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","first-page":"1041","volume-title":"Legionella","author":"Xiong L.","unstructured":"Xiong L., , Yan H., , Shi L., , and Mo Z.. 2016. Antibiotic susceptibility of Legionella. strains isolated from public water sources in Macau and Guangzhou. J. Water. Health. 14:1041\u20131046."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","first-page":"514","volume":"37","author":"March G.A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"March G.A., , Guti\u00e9rrez M.P, , L\u00f3pez I., , Mu\u00f1oz M.F, , de Lejarazu R.O, , Simarro M., , Ordu\u00f1a A., and M.\u00c1. Bratos. 2018. Epidemiological surveillance and wild-type MIC distribution of Legionella pneumophila in north-western Spain. 2003\u20132016. Enferm. Infec. Microbiol. Clin. 37:514\u2013520.","journal-title":"Epidemiological surveillance and wild-type MIC distribution of Legionella pneumophila in north-western Spain. 2003\u20132016. Enferm. Infec. Microbiol. Clin"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01639-13","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of solithromycin against clinical isolates of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1","volume":"58","author":"Mallegol J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mallegol J., , Fernandes P., , Melano R.G, , and Guyard C.. 2014. Antimicrobial activity of solithromycin against clinical isolates of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 58:909\u2013915.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01717.x","article-title":"Activity of telithromycin and comparators against isolates of Legionella pneumophila collected from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: PROTEKT Years 1\u20135","volume":"13","author":"Dunbar L.M.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dunbar L.M., , and Farrell D.J.. 2007. Activity of telithromycin and comparators against isolates of Legionella pneumophila collected from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections: PROTEKT Years 1\u20135. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 13:743\u2013746.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00339-9","article-title":"Comparative in vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of trovafloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against clinical and environmental isolates of Legionella spp","volume":"18","author":"Gomez-Lus R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gomez-Lus R., , Adrian F., , del Campo R., , Gomez-Lus P., , Sanchez S., , Garcia C., , and Rubio M.C.. 2001. Comparative in vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of trovafloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against clinical and environmental isolates of Legionella spp. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 18:49\u201354.","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.09.016","article-title":"Wild-type MIC distribution and epidemiological cut-off values in clinical Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates","volume":"72","author":"Bruin J.P.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bruin J.P., , Ijzerman E.P, , den Boer J.W, , Mouton J.W, , and Diederen B.M.. 2012. Wild-type MIC distribution and epidemiological cut-off values in clinical Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 72:103\u2013108.","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.06.045","article-title":"Legionella pneumophila recurrently isolated in a Spanish hospital: two years of antimicrobial resistance surveillance","volume":"166","author":"Graells T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Graells T., , Hern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda M., , P\u00e9rez-Jov\u00e9 J., , Guy L., , and Padilla E.. 2018. Legionella pneumophila recurrently isolated in a Spanish hospital: two years of antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Environ. Res. 166:638\u2013646.","journal-title":"Environ. Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.8.2176-2178.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","first-page":"365","volume":"3","author":"Marques T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marques T., , and Piedade J.. 1997. Susceptibility testing by E-test and agar dilution of 30 strains of Legionella spp. isolated in Portugal. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 3:365\u2013368.","journal-title":"Susceptibility testing by E-test and agar dilution of 30 strains of Legionella spp. isolated in Portugal. Clin. Microbiol. Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp173","article-title":"Mutational paths towards increased fluoroquinolone resistance in Legionella pneumophila","volume":"64","author":"Almahmoud I.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Almahmoud I., , Kay E., , Schneider D., , and Maurin M.. 2009. Mutational paths towards increased fluoroquinolone resistance in Legionella pneumophila. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 64:284\u2013293.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120800"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2019.0218","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2019.0218","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2019.0218","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:36:08Z","timestamp":1777667768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2019.0218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2019.0218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2019.0218","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]}}}