{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T23:57:10Z","timestamp":1788652630812,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      is currently considered as an immediate threat to human health due to its various multidrug efflux pumps. Microbially synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an attractive and eco-friendly approach to prevent antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In the present study, we compared the inhibitory effect of both commercial and green AgNPs by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bifidobacterium bifidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      on OxqAB efflux pump genes in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Antibiogram was used to identify resistant isolates and the effect of the biosynthesized AgNPs against OxqAB efflux pump strains was assessed by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The expression levels of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">oxqAB<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by exposure to subMICs of the AgNPs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PCR results showed that 25 strains had OxqAB efflux pump and the MIC method indicated that AgNPs had an inhibitory effect on all resistant strains with OxqAB efflux pump. The efficacy of the synthetic nanoparticles was assessed by comparing the antiefflux pump activity with commercial AgNPs. In ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">oxqAB<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes expression levels reduced in the subMIC of both AgNPs, whereas biosynthesized AgNPs had greater bactericidal effects compared with the commercial AgNPs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Efflux pumps could be an attractive target for our biosynthesized AgNPs. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">oxqAB<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes expression levels reduced in subMIC of both AgNPs, whereas biosynthesized AgNPs had greater bactericidal effects than the commercial AgNPs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]],"date-time":"2020-07-07T17:07:16Z","timestamp":1594141636000},"page":"247-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Ecofriendly Biomolecule-Capped\n                    <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum<\/i>\n                    -Manufactured Silver Nanoparticles and Efflux Pump Genes Expression Alteration in\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Aghigh","family":"Dolatabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Noorbazargan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Khayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooria","family":"Moulavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naghmeh","family":"Zamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Asghari Lalami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ashrafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-019-2664-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-005-0179-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.09.118"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2010.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S134526"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2009. 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