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Norwegian poultry are not treated prophylactically with antibiotics, but still, ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    are found in the chicken populations. Chickens receive higher amounts of Zn and Cu than their biological need, and several metals have been shown to act as drivers of antimicrobial resistance. In the present study, ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains collected from retail chicken meat were mated in broth containing various concentrations of ZnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CuSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Manual counting of transconjugants showed that ZnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CuSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduced the conjugation frequency between\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains in a concentration-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that the presence of ZnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and CuSO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    in the growth media reduced expression of the conjugation genes\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">traB<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">nikB<\/jats:italic>\n                    . By propagating monocultures over several generations, it was found that the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    plasmids remained stable in the recipient strains. Together the results show that exposure of ESBL-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    to Zn and Cu reduce horizontal transfer of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    resistance plasmid by reducing expression of genes involved in conjugation in the plasmid donor strain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T15:10:30Z","timestamp":1579273830000},"page":"842-849","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Zinc and Copper Reduce Conjugative Transfer of Resistance Plasmids from Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"May Linn","family":"Buberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingun Lund","family":"Wits\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trine Marie","family":"L'Ab\u00e9e-Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yngvild","family":"Wasteson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(10)70003-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/512369"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03497.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2016.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-012-0324-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2004.131718"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","unstructured":"NORM\/NORM-VET.. 2012. 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