{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:40:03Z","timestamp":1790401203403,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Groupwise antibiotic treatments are common in broiler chicken production. They induce selection for antibiotic resistance in commensal\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study aimed to investigate antibiotic resistance after individual (I, drenching) or groupwise treatment (G, by water) with amoxicillin, and after contact with I or G (KI or KG), compared with untreated broilers without contact with treated broilers (C), and pretreatment values. Finally, we compared antibiotic resistance from broilers (G) after a second treatment, with a treatment in the contact animals (KG), and a first treatment in the control animals (C). Resistance to ampicillin and other antibiotics was significantly increased in groups G and I within 2 days, suggesting (co-)selection of resistance. The increase was lower in groups KI, KG, and C during the first treatment (days 1\u20135). The increased resistance in group C was interpreted as a change in the microbiota after initial moving and first feeding. After treatment, resistance rates decreased to initial or lower values in all groups. During the second treatment period (days 34\u201338), all three groups' (G, KG, and C) resistance levels increased to equally high levels. Cephalosporin resistance was low, and did not change over the experimental period. On days 3 and 38, resistance rates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    from duodenum, jejunum, and cecum did not differ between segments and treatment routes. Overall, the baseline levels of antibiotic resistance in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    were high. Amoxicillin triggered an increase in resistance levels, irrespective of the mode of treatment. Substantial resistance dynamics in untreated controls warrant further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,11]],"date-time":"2020-09-11T12:55:06Z","timestamp":1599828906000},"page":"1098-1107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance in\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    from Broiler Chickens After Amoxicillin Treatment in an Experimental Environment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Elke","family":"Burow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Grobbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd-Alois","family":"Tenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Simoneit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Wendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"K\u00fcrbis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mechthild","family":"Ladwig-Wiegard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Banneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"K\u00e4sbohrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany."},{"name":"Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2019. FAOSTAT. Food and agriculture data. Available at www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#home (accessed March23 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"Bundesanzeiger. 2019. Publication of 01 January 2019 to 30 June 2019 recorded nationwide operational therapy frequencies for beef cattle fattening pigs broiler chickens and turkeys according to \u00a758c section 4 of medicines law. [from German]. Bekanntmachung ... Arzneimittelgesetzes. Available at https:\/\/www.bundesanzeiger.de\/ebanzwww\/wexsservlet?session.sessionid=2aaf55543d03d0198a64510f5570b130&page.navid=detailsearchlisttodetailsearchdetail&fts_search_list.selected=71339cbfa4922c39&fts_search_list.destHistoryId=05885 (accessed March23 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","unstructured":"German Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety. 2018. The amount of antibiotics released in veterinary medicine continues to decline - Menge ... weiter. Available at https:\/\/www.bvl.bund.de\/SharedDocs\/Pressemitteilungen\/05_tierarzneimittel\/2018\/2018_07_23_pi_Antibiotikaabgabemenge2017.html (accessed March23 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture. 2019. Bericht des Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrung und Landwirtschaft \u00fcber die Evaluierung des Antibiotikaminimierungskonzepts der 16. AMG-Novelle. Beitr\u00e4ge zur Evaluierung der 16. AMG-Novelle. Available at https:\/\/www.bmel.de\/SharedDocs\/Downloads\/Tier\/Tiergesundheit\/Tierarzneimittel\/16.AMG-Novelle-Anlage2.pdf?__blob=publicationFile (accessed March23 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02754.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2008.0859"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","first-page":"1","volume":"118","author":"Simoneit C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simoneit C., , Burow E., , Tenhagen B.A, , and Kasbohrer A.. 2015. 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