{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:30:54Z","timestamp":1777923054786,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Neonatal invasive infections caused by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K1 are still major health problems and effective preventive strategies at the maternal level can be a concern. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rectovaginal colonization, related risk factors, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance properties of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K1 among pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, vaginal and rectal swabs were collected from 400 pregnant women. The identification of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates was performed by microbiological tests. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to identify the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K1 strains. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined by the Kirby\u2013Bauer disk diffusion. Two duplex PCR assays were developed separately to detect genes encoding virulence determinants (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fimH<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">hlyF<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ibeA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">iucC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. The vaginal and rectal maternal\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K1 colonization rates were 3.7% and 19.25%, respectively. There is no significant association between demographic\u2013obstetric factors and vaginal\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization in pregnant women. The most effective antibiotics against\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K1 strains were imipenem, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime. In our study, the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K1 strains were significantly more likely to possess the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fimH<\/jats:italic>\n                    (90.9% vs. 60.7%) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">iucC<\/jats:italic>\n                    (90.9% vs. 53.6%) than the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    non-K1 strains. This study demonstrates that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K1 seems to be more virulent than non-K1 strains. Our findings highlight the importance of screening pregnant women for vaginal colonization by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K1 and of the appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of early-onset\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    neonatal infection and comorbidity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T23:42:16Z","timestamp":1588290136000},"page":"1201-1207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    K1 Rectovaginal Colonization Among Pregnant Women in Iran: Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Properties"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parvin","family":"Ghorbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faulty of Medicine, and Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hasan","family":"Namaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasaman","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faulty of Medicine, and Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.1929-1935.2003","article-title":"Escherichia coli strains from pregnant women and neonates: intraspecies genetic distribution and prevalence of virulence factors","volume":"41","author":"Watt S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Watt S., , Lanotte P., , Mereghetti L., , Moulin-Schouleur M., , Picard B., , and Quentin R.. 2003. Escherichia coli strains from pregnant women and neonates: intraspecies genetic distribution and prevalence of virulence factors. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:1929\u20131935.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Vaginal carriage of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli by pregnant women: a concern for the neonate","volume":"3","author":"Devi U.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Devi U., , Barman N., , Barua P., , Malik V., , Das J., , Baruah P., , and Mahanta J.. 2014. Vaginal carriage of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli by pregnant women: a concern for the neonate. Clin. Microbial. 3:153.","journal-title":"Clin. 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Vaginal colonization by papG allele II+ Escherichia coli isolates from pregnant and nonpregnant women as predisposing factor to pyelonephritis. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013:860402.","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.044263-0","article-title":"Prevalence of genes encoding virulence factors among Escherichia coli with K1 antigen and non-K1 E. coli strains","volume":"61","author":"Kaczmarek A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaczmarek A., , Budzy\u0144ska A., , and Gospodarek E.. 2012. Prevalence of genes encoding virulence factors among Escherichia coli with K1 antigen and non-K1 E. coli strains. J. Med. Microbiol. 61:1360\u20131365.","journal-title":"J. Med. 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