{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:06:32Z","timestamp":1779296792103,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the leading etiological agent of community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). Fluoroquinolones have long been the choice of empirical treatment for UTIs. Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone-resistance (PMFR) is important not only for conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones but also because of the presence of PMFR genes on plasmids carrying genes encoding resistance to other antimicrobials. In this study, we aimed at investigating the frequency of PMFR genes in fluoroquinolone-resistant and\/or expanded spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains isolated from pediatric and adult patients diagnosed with UTI.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains isolated from urine cultures of 141 adult and 117 pediatric outpatients were evaluated. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were interpreted according to the EUCAST criteria. The presence of PMFR genes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrS, qepA, aac(6\u2032)-Ib,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6\u2032)-<\/jats:italic>\n                    Ib-cr) was investigated by multiplex PCR analysis. One hundred-three (73.05%) adult and 92 (78.63%) pediatric isolates were fluoroquinolone resistant and\/or ESBL producers. One third (92\/258) of all isolates carried at least one PMFR gene, the most prevalent one being\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrS<\/jats:italic>\n                    (67.4%). None of the isolates carried\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrC<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qepA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. PMFR determinants were found to be widespread among adult and pediatric isolates. Rational antimicrobial use is crucial for prevention of resistance in both adult and pediatric populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T17:36:59Z","timestamp":1589477819000},"page":"1334-1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Plasmidic Fluoroquinolone Resistance Genes in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant and\/or Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Strains Isolated from Pediatric and Adult Patients Diagnosed with Urinary Tract Infection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Melisa","family":"Akgoz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irem","family":"\u015eenoymak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asuman Begum","family":"Ates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cem","family":"Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betul","family":"Keskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Busra Betul","family":"Ozmen Capin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeynep Ceren","family":"Karahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey."},{"name":"Central Microbiology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Ibn-i Sina Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1282-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq257"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/428052"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010239"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/976273"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.PLAS-0006-2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"295","article-title":"Is plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance a clinically significant problem? 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The bacteria isolated from urine cultures and their in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility. ANKEM Derg. 20:26\u201330. (Turkish.)","journal-title":"ANKEM Derg"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5222\/ankem.2011.232"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","author":"Baykal A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baykal A., , Coplu N., , Simsek H., , Esen B., , and Gur D.. 2012. The presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase, KPC-type carbapenemase and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase in E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from blood cultures. Mikrobiyol. Bul. 46:159\u2013169. 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