{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:30:57Z","timestamp":1777923057527,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains isolated from poultry flocks suffering from colibacillosis in Greece and to detect the presence of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene in isolates being phenotypically resistant to colistin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 150\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains were isolated from commercial layers and layer breeder flocks in Greece and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. A high level of susceptibility was revealed for cephalosporins, neomycin, and colistin. Susceptibility varied for other antimicrobials (tetracycline, doxycycline, lincospectin, trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin), whereas no susceptibility was reported for macrolides, tiamulin, lincomycin, oxacillin. Concerning colistin resistance, 20\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains were found to be phenotypically resistant (13 strains showed intermediate resistance pattern and 7 strains fully resistance trait). Further investigation was performed by PCR, which has revealed the presence of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene in one phenotypically colistin-resistant isolate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AMR is prevalent in layer poultry production, including resistance against colistin confirmed by the presence of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T14:00:54Z","timestamp":1600696854000},"page":"710-720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and\n                    <i>mcr-1<\/i>\n                    Detection in Avian Pathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolates from Commercial Layer and Layer Breeder Flocks Demonstrating Colibacillosis in Greece"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Koutsianos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Labrini V.","family":"Athanasiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tilemachos","family":"Dimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Nikolaidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Tsadila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grigorios","family":"Amoutzias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Mossialos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos C.","family":"Koutoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Diseases and Faculty of Veterinary Science, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"pp","article-title":"Colibacillosis in poultry","author":"Barnes H.J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barnes H.J., , L.K, . 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