{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:17:15Z","timestamp":1790306235696,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The spreading of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli (GNB) must be considered as an \u201curgent\u201d threat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and carbapenemase-producing GNB and to characterize the supporting genes in GNB specimens isolated from patients and healthy volunteers in Burkina Faso. From April to June 2016, carbapenemase-producing GNB screening was performed in 1,230 consecutive clinical specimens, and 158 fecal samples from inpatients and healthy volunteers without digestive pathology at Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo Dioulasso. Strains were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization\u2013time of flight and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested with the disk diffusion method on M\u00fcller\u2013Hinton agar. The presence of carbapenemase, ESBL, and PMQR genes was assessed by multiplex PCR. The molecular epidemiological study was performed using multilocus sequence typing analysis. From the 1,230 clinical samples, 443 GNB strains were isolated among which 4 (0.9%) were carbapenemase-producing isolates (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093). Among the 158 fecal samples tested for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriage, 13 (8.2%) were carbapenemase-producing isolates (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli, n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii, n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter nosocomialis, n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter bereziniae, n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091). The strains from the two groups were resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins (100% for both), gentamicin (100% and 64.3%), levofloxacin (100% and 85.7%), and to amikacin (0% and 7.1%). The carbapenemase-encoding genes\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>Oxa-58<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>Oxa-181<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VIM-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    were detected in clinical and in fecal samples. The majority (10\/11) of the enterobacterial strains carried also\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The majority of the strains belonged to ST692 for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , to ST147 for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and to ST2 for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study confirms the presence of carbapenemase-producing GNB in samples from patients and healthy volunteers. More effective active surveillance activities are needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T22:12:08Z","timestamp":1591827128000},"page":"18-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase, Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance, and Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli in Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Soufiane","family":"Sanou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, CHU Sour\u00f4 Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdoul Salam","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, CHU Sour\u00f4 Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Aberkane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, CHU Montpellier, MIVEGEC-IRD-CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Vendrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, CHU Montpellier, MIVEGEC-IRD-CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oumar","family":"Ouchar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, CHU Montpellier, MIVEGEC-IRD-CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Bouzimbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, CHU Montpellier, MIVEGEC-IRD-CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ars\u00e8ne","family":"Hema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction de la qualit\u00e9, CHU Sour\u00f4 Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armel","family":"Poda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Sour\u00f4 Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Zoungrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Sour\u00f4 Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges A.","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Sant\u00e9 et Biotechnologies Animales (LARESBA), Institut du D\u00e9veloppement Rural, Universit\u00e9 Nazi Boni de Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Carri\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, CHU Montpellier, MIVEGEC-IRD-CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Jean-Pierre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, CHU Montpellier, MIVEGEC-IRD-CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmata","family":"Ouedraogo-Traore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie-Virologie, CHU P\u00e9diatrique Charles De Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Godreuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Bact\u00e9riologie, CHU Montpellier, MIVEGEC-IRD-CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, Montpellier, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"780","volume":"121","author":"Jesudason M.V.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jesudason M.V., , Kandathil A.J, , and Balaji V.. 2005. 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