{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T09:06:04Z","timestamp":1778663164877,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      of healthy household dogs with an emphasis on extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC-type \u03b2-lactamases and resistance to quinolones.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Rectal swabs were collected from 74 dogs without any clinical evidence of gastrointestinal disease. Samples were cultured on MacConkey agar plates and MacConkey supplemented with 2\u2009\u03bcg\/mL cefotaxime or 5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL ciprofloxacin. Isolates were identified with Vitek 2 Compact and susceptibility testing performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was done on isolates resistant to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. PCR amplification was performed to detect CTX-M and CMY-2. Isolates positive for CTX-M and\/or CMY-2 were selected for whole-genome sequencing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Multiresistance was detected in 56% of the isolates. A high percentage of resistance was detected for cefazolin (63%), ampicillin (54%), streptomycin (49%), nalidixic acid (42%) and tetracycline (38%). The MIC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      and MIC\n                      <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                      for isolates resistant to cefotaxime (24%) was determined as 16 and &gt;250\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively; for ciprofloxacin (18%), 125 and 250\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively. ESBL (CTX-M type) and AmpC (CMY-2 type) were detected in 6 (7.1%) and 14 (19%) of the isolates, respectively. Whole-genome sequence analysis showed high genetic diversity in most of the isolates and a large variety of resistance mechanisms, including mobile genetic elements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The frequency of multidrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      is worrying, mainly because of the presence of many isolates producing ESBL and AmpC \u03b2-lactamases. Based on the \u201cOne Health\u201d concept, considering the relationships between animals, humans, and the environment, these data support the notion that companion animals are important reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T15:04:05Z","timestamp":1603292645000},"page":"1421-1428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Multidrug-Resistant CTX-M and CMY-2 Producing\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolated from Healthy Household Dogs from the Great Metropolitan Area, Costa Rica"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, UNA, Heredia, Costa Rica."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Antonieta","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Costarricense de Investigaci\u00f3n y Ense\u00f1anza en Nutrici\u00f3n y Salud, San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Costarricense de Investigaci\u00f3n y Ense\u00f1anza en Nutrici\u00f3n y Salud, San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Poklepovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plataforma Gen\u00f3mica y Bioinform\u00e1tica-Genomic and Bioinformatics Platform INEI-ANLIS \u201cDr. Carlos G. Malbr\u00e1n, Buenos Aires, Argentina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josefina","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plataforma Gen\u00f3mica y Bioinform\u00e1tica-Genomic and Bioinformatics Platform INEI-ANLIS \u201cDr. Carlos G. 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