{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T21:19:25Z","timestamp":1783977565229,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Enterococci are ubiquitous, facultative, anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria that mainly reside, as part of the normal microbiota, in the gastrointestinal tracts of several animal species, including humans. These bacteria have the capability to turn from a normal gut commensal organism to an invasive pathogen in patients debilitated by prolonged hospitalization, concurrent illnesses, and\/or exposed to broad-spectrum antibiotics. The majority of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) infections are linked to the vanA genotype; however, outbreaks caused by vanB-type VREs have been increasingly reported, representing a new challenge for effective antimicrobial treatment. Teicoplanin, daptomycin, fosfomycin, and linezolid are useful antimicrobials for infections due to vanB enterococci. In addition, new drugs have been developed (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., dalbavancin, telavancin, and tedizolid), new molecules will soon be available (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., eravacycline, omadacycline, and oritavancin), and new treatment strategies are progressively being used in clinical practice (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., combination therapies and bacteriophages). The aim of this article is to discuss the pathogenesis of infections due to enterococci harboring the vanB operon (vanBVRE) and their therapeutic, state-of-the-art, and future treatment options and provide a comprehensive and easy to use review for clinical purposes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,16]],"date-time":"2020-08-16T15:59:45Z","timestamp":1597593585000},"page":"536-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Therapeutic Options for Infections Due to vanB Genotype Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Riccardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious\u2013Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Monticelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Direction, AULSS6 Euganea Ospedali Riuniti Padova Sud, Monselice, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta Maria","family":"Antonello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Di Lallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata,\u201d Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Frezza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata,\u201d Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Luzzati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Trieste, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Di Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Trieste, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp","volume":"6","author":"Torres C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torres C., , Alonso C.A, , Ruiz-Ripa L., , Le\u00f3n-Sampedro R., , Del Campo R., , and Coque T.M.. 2018. 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