{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T08:29:13Z","timestamp":1787992153514,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the second frequent etiologic agent of mucosal and invasive candidiasis. Based on the recent developments in molecular methods,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been introduced as a complex composed of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida nivariensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida bracarensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The four main classes of antifungal drugs effective against\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    are pyrimidine analogs (flucytosine), azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes. Although the use of antifungal drugs is related to the predictable development of drug resistance, it is not clear why\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    is able to rapidly resist against multiple antifungals in clinics. The enhanced incidence and antifungal resistance of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the high mortality and morbidity need more investigation regarding the resistance mechanisms and virulence associated with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; additional progress concerning the drug resistance of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    has to be further prevented. The present review highlights the mechanism of resistance to antifungal drugs in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T15:33:24Z","timestamp":1620315204000},"page":"1371-1388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Review on Molecular Mechanisms of Antifungal Resistance in\n                    <i>Candida glabrata<\/i>\n                    : Update and Recent Advances"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ensieh","family":"Lotfali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Fattahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirin","family":"Sayyahfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Mahdi","family":"Rabiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mobina","family":"Fathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimia","family":"Vakili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Deravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirali","family":"Soheili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Toreyhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Shirvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S433","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir109","article-title":"Candida urinary tract infections\u2014epidemiology","volume":"52","author":"Sobel J.D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sobel J.D., , Fisher J.F, , Kauffman C.A, , and Newman C.A.. 2011. 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