{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:24:08Z","timestamp":1780392248973,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We characterized\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients during screening for multidrug-resistant strains to determine mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and conduct\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    typing. We investigated 53\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates collected from different CF patients, excluding multiple isolates from the same patient. Genotypic characterization was based on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    type (protein A); staphylococcal cassette chromosome\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SCCmec<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) type for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    resistant to methicillin (methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    [MRSA]); and resistance to the most common macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins b and fluoroquinolones. Most strains (78.41%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics; 16.96% were MRSA, whereas 69.81% showed resistance to erythromycin. MRSA strains revealed the acquisition and insertion of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SCCmec<\/jats:italic>\n                    of class I (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091) (hospital-acquired), IV (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095), and V (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091) (community-acquired), along with two cases that were not typeable. We detected 34 different\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    types, with t571 being the most frequent. The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    minimum spanning tree of the tested strains showed evidence of strain relatedness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T12:06:17Z","timestamp":1636373177000},"page":"205-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>spa<\/i>\n                    Typing and Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    Strains from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"De Tomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bertoncelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Unali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annarita","family":"Mazzariol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81724-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6277"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2011.06.002","article-title":"Review: Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA in cystic fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Goss C.H.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goss C.H., , and Muhlebach M.S.. 2011. Review: Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA in cystic fibrosis. J. Cyst. Fibros. 10:298\u2013306.","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.87.4.306","article-title":"Early airway infection, inflammation, and lung function in cystic fibrosis","volume":"87","author":"Nixon G.M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nixon G.M., , Armstrong D.S, , Carzino R., et al. 2002. Early airway infection, inflammation, and lung function in cystic fibrosis. Arch. Dis. Child. 87:306\u2013311.","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4424","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.9.4424-4427.2003","article-title":"Population dynamics of persistent Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the airways of cystic fibrosis patients during a 6-year prospective study","volume":"41","author":"Kahl B.C.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kahl B.C., , Duebbers A., , Lubritz G., et al. 2003. Population dynamics of persistent Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the airways of cystic fibrosis patients during a 6-year prospective study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:4424\u20134427.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pit046","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of recurrent cutaneous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in children","volume":"3","author":"Al-Zubeidi D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Zubeidi D., , Burnham C.A, , Hogan P.G, , Collins R., , Hunstad D.A, , and Fritz S.A.. 2014. Molecular epidemiology of recurrent cutaneous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in children. J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc. 3:261\u2013264.","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.11.3556-3563.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5442-5448.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"629","volume-title":"Staphylococcus aureus","author":"Chambers H.F.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chambers H.F., , and De Leo F.R.. 2009. Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 629\u2013641."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68853-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"WHO's first global report on antibiotic resistance reveals serious WHO worldwide threat to public health. World Heal. Organ. 2014-p. News Release. Available at www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2014\/amr-report\/en\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2016.0048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4961","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00579-09","article-title":"Classification of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec): guidelines for reporting novel SCCmec elements","volume":"53","author":"Ito T.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ito T., , Hiramatsu K., , Oliveira D.C, et al. 2009. Classification of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec): guidelines for reporting novel SCCmec elements. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53:4961\u20134967.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-7646(03)00003-7","article-title":"Insights on antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from its whole genome: genomic island SCC","volume":"6","author":"Ito T.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ito T., , Okuma K., , Ma X.X, , Yuzawa H., , and Hiramatsu K.. 2003. Insights on antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from its whole genome: genomic island SCC. Drug Resist. Updat. 6:41\u201352.","journal-title":"Drug Resist. Updat"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2019. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 29th Informatinal Supplement M100S. Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03715.x","article-title":"Rapid detection, differentiation and typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus harbouring either mecA or the new mecC homologue mecALGA251","volume":"18","author":"Stegger M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stegger M., , Andersen P.S, , Kearns A., et al. 2012. Rapid detection, differentiation and typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus harbouring either mecA or the new mecC homologue mecALGA251. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18:395\u2013400.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00165-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00200","article-title":"Prevalence of genotypes that determine resistance of Staphylococci to macrolides and lincosamides in Serbia","volume":"5","author":"Mi\u0161i\u0107 M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mi\u0161i\u0107 M, ,. J. \u010cuki\u0107, Vidanovi\u0107 D., et al. 2017. Prevalence of genotypes that determine resistance of Staphylococci to macrolides and lincosamides in Serbia. Front. Public Health. 5:200.","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00710","article-title":"Genetic diversity of norA, coding for a main efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"9","author":"Santos Costa S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santos Costa S., , Sobkowiak B., , Parreira R., et al. 2019. Genetic diversity of norA, coding for a main efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus. Front. Genet. 9:710.","journal-title":"Front. Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01142-06","article-title":"Azithromycin selectively reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells","volume":"51","author":"Cigana C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cigana C., , Baroukh M.A, , and Melotti P.. 2007. Azithromycin selectively reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:975\u2013981.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00921-06","article-title":"Mosaic staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec containing two recombinase loci and a new mec complex, B2","volume":"51","author":"Heusser R.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heusser R., , Ender M., , Berger-B\u00e4chi B., , and McCallum N.. 2007. Mosaic staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec containing two recombinase loci and a new mec complex, B2. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51:390\u2013393.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0204977","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204977","article-title":"High prevalence of spa type t571 among methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from bacteremic patients in a French University Hospital","volume":"13","author":"Millon B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonnet. I., Millon B., , Meugnier H., et al. 2018. High prevalence of spa type t571 among methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus from bacteremic patients in a French University Hospital. PLoS One. 13:e0204977.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr348","article-title":"Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398\u2013t571 harbouring the Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B resistance gene erm(T) in Belgian Hospitals J","volume":"66","author":"Vandendriesche S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vandendriesche S., , Kadlec K., , Scharwz S., , and Denis O.. 2011. Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398\u2013t571 harbouring the Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B resistance gene erm(T) in Belgian Hospitals J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 66:2455\u20132459.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","first-page":"p","article-title":"Molecular typing of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus coming from screening of multi resistant bacteria of Verona, Italy","author":"Mazzariol A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mazzariol A., , Galia L., , and Ligozzi M.. 2017. Molecular typing of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus coming from screening of multi resistant bacteria of Verona, Italy. FEMS 2017, 7th Congress of European, Microbiologists, p. 2089.","journal-title":"FEMS 2017, 7th Congress of European"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2016.00008","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a prevalent ribocluster of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus from orthopedic implant infections, correspondence with MLST CC30","volume":"6","author":"Montanaro L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Montanaro L., , Ravaioli S., , Ruppitsch W., et al. 2016. Molecular characterization of a prevalent ribocluster of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus from orthopedic implant infections, correspondence with MLST CC30. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol. 6:8.","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1159\/000377707","article-title":"Genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cystic fibrosis patients in Austria","volume":"89","author":"Masoud-Landgraf L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Masoud-Landgraf L., , S., Johler, A. Badura G., et al. 2015. Genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cystic fibrosis patients in Austria. Respiration. 89:390\u2013395.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12222","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30725-x","article-title":"Genetic relatedness of Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from cystic fibrosis patients at a tertiary academic hospital in Pretoria, South Africa","volume":"8","author":"Goolam M.T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goolam M.T., , Kock M.M, ., Masekela R., , Hoosien E., , and Ehlers M.M.. 2018. Genetic relatedness of Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from cystic fibrosis patients at a tertiary academic hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. Sci. Rep. 8:12222.","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2020.0238","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2020.0238","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2020.0238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:38:11Z","timestamp":1777667891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2020.0238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2020.0238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2020.0238","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}}}