{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T02:14:08Z","timestamp":1778984048266,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      prevalence and gastric cancer rates are remarkably high in Peru. Effective antimicrobial regimens are essential for successful\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      eradication. We aimed at assessing antimicrobial resistance rates to first- and second-line therapeutic agents in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains detected in gastric biopsy samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Gastric biopsy samples (antrum and corpus) were collected from therapy-naive patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009154).\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      presence in the samples was confirmed by histopathology. Genotypic resistance to clarithromycin and quinolones was determined by real-time PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Histology results were 100% concordant with PCR results (97\/154; 63%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive in both). In 6% (6\/97) of the patients, we found discordant results of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in antrum and corpus samples from the same patient. Resistance rates to clarithromycin and quinolone were 34% (33\/97) and 68% (56\/82), respectively. Antimicrobial resistance to both antimicrobials was 30% (25\/82).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Antimicrobial resistance rates of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      to clarithromycin and quinolones are very high in Lima, Peru. Many first- and second-line, empiric eradication regimens may not be recommended for Peruvian patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T16:03:50Z","timestamp":1603296230000},"page":"951-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antimicrobial Resistance of\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    in Gastric Biopsy Samples from Lima\/Peru"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ceren","family":"Bilgilier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Thannesberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ojeda Cisneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Cl\u00ednicas M\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina \u201cAlberto Hurtado,\u201d Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Per\u00fa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Boehnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuanwu","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Bussalleu Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Cl\u00ednicas M\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina \u201cAlberto Hurtado,\u201d Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Per\u00fa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Steininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12514","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12514","article-title":"Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"1","author":"Sjomina O.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sjomina O., , Pavlova J., , Niv Y., , and Leja M.. 2018. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 23 Suppl, 1:e12514.","journal-title":"Helicobacter 23 Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Review article: natural history and epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"1","author":"Go, M.F","year":"2002","unstructured":"Go, M.F. 2002. Review article: natural history and epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment. Pharmacol. Therap. 16 Suppl, 1: 3\u201315.","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. 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Rev. Gastroenterol. Peru, 26:377\u2013385.","journal-title":"Rev. Gastroenterol. Peru"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312288"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70318-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12595","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12595","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in the low-resource Central America setting","volume":"24","author":"Ortiz V.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ortiz V., , Estevez-Ordonez D., , Montalvan-Sanchez E., , Urrutia-Argueta S., , Israel D., , Krishna U.S, , Romero-Gallo J., , Wilson K.T, , Peek R.M, , Dominguez R., , and Morgan D.R.. 2019. Helicobacter pylori antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in the low-resource Central America setting. Helicobacter, 24:e12595.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","first-page":"1232","volume-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol","author":"Vasquez A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vasquez A., , Valdez Y., , Gilman R.H, , McDonald J.J, , Westblom T.U, , Berg D., , Mayta H., , and Gutierrez V.. 1996. Metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori determined by measuring MICs of antimicrobial agents in color indicator egg yolk agar in a miniwell format. The Gastrointestinal Physiology Working Group of Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and the Johns Hopkins University. J. Clin. 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