{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:40:13Z","timestamp":1787787613667,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ESBL-EC) among blow fly (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Chrysomya megacephala<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) populations in Northern Thailand. Of 600 blow flies collected from rural (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009400) and urban (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009200) areas, 334 blow flies carried ESBL-EC (55.7%). Prevalence of ESBL-EC in blow flies captured from rural areas was significantly higher than that from urban region (72.5% vs. 22.0%,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Susceptibility tests revealed that 68.6% of ESBL-EC possessed multidrug-resistant phenotypes. Coresistance to gentamicin (85%) was common, while resistance to ciprofloxacin was relatively low (18.0%). Of the 334 isolates, 253 isolates (75.7%) harbored\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    , in which\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M group 1<\/jats:sub>\n                    was predominant (56.5%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M group 9<\/jats:sub>\n                    (39.1%). Interestingly, a single isolate was found to carry\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-5<\/jats:sub>\n                    , which resided on the IncA\/C conjugative plasmid. This is the first report of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-5<\/jats:sub>\n                    from Thailand and its first identification in blow fly. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) demonstrated high genetic diversity among ESBL-EC isolates. Nevertheless, identical and closely related PFGE profiles were detected among isolates within the same regions and the regions which are several kilometers apart, suggesting that clonal transmission has occurred. Moreover, epidemiologically related isolates were observed between ESBL-EC from blow flies and human intestinal tract. This study provides evidences that blow flies,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. megacephala<\/jats:italic>\n                    , are important reservoirs for ESBL-EC and could potentially act as vectors for the spread of ESBL-EC in a Thai community.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T15:03:53Z","timestamp":1603292633000},"page":"698-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence of\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>CTX-M<\/sub>\n                    and Emergence of\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>CTX-M-5<\/sub>\n                    -Carrying\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    in\n                    <i>Chrysomya megacephala<\/i>\n                    (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Northern Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Phirapat","family":"Punyadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phetrada","family":"Thongngen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anong","family":"Kiddee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanit","family":"Assawatheptawee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uttapoln","family":"Tansawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nophawan","family":"Bunchu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pannika R.","family":"Niumsup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-016-0115-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Center Thailand (NARST). 2019. 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