{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:31:18Z","timestamp":1777923078590,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Carbapenems, although originally introduced against multidrug\u2013resistant (MDR) Gram negative bacilli (GNB), are now advocated for initial empiric use resulting in increasing carbapenem-resistant (CR) GNB. In this study, we analyzed the frequencies of CR-GNB and compared their resistance patterns against other antibiotics. Overall, 42% (1,014\/2,420) of CR-GNB were isolated (range: 29\u201359%), with similar frequencies among hospitalized and community-acquired infections. However, the CR frequencies in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    were significantly higher in the hospitalized patients (&gt;50%). In addition, the CR-GNB isolates showed significantly higher resistance to the other antibiotics\u2014fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and ureidopenicillins compared to carbapenem-sensitive isolates, thereby limiting further treatment options. Majority of CR-GNB isolates were extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producers (38\u201372%) and MDR (19\u201361%). Pan-drug resistant (PDR) frequencies among these MDR isolates ranged from 21% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Proteus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) to 100% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Overall, CR-GNB are predominantly MDR or PDR and so warrant continuous antibiotic surveillance to provide better management of the infectious diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T17:35:36Z","timestamp":1610127336000},"page":"1057-1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Carbapenem\u2013Resistant Gram Negative Bacilli Are Predominantly Multidrug or Pan-Drug Resistant"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Priya","family":"Kannian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, VHS Hospital, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pasuvaraj","family":"Mahanathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, VHS Hospital, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veeraraghavan","family":"Ashwini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, VHS Hospital, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muthu","family":"Vaishnavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, VHS Hospital, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandran","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, VHS Hospital, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"Doc05","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance: what is so special about multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria? 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