{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T17:28:35Z","timestamp":1779211715189,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"\n A total of 648 diarrheagenic\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n (DEC) were isolated from calves (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009219), lambs (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200987), kids (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009103), human (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009193), and water (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200946) samples. The presence of enteropathogenic\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n (EPEC), enterotoxigenic\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n (ETEC), and shigatoxigenic\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n (STEC) was confirmed by PCR-based detection of the Shiga toxin, intimin, hemolysin, and enterotoxin genes. All the isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by disc diffusion assay. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase, and metallo-beta-lactamase production were determined by double-disk synergy test, modified Hodge test, and combined disk test assays. AMR genes (\n \n bla\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n bla\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n bla\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n bla\n CMY-2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n bla\n NDM<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n bla\n KPC<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n bla\n VIM<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n , and\n \n bla\n IMP<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ) were detected by PCR using specific primers. Majority of the isolates from human and water exhibited resistance (>80%) against amoxicillin, ampicillin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefixime, gentamicin, ceftazidime, and cefalexin, and against imipenem (70.98%), doripenem (70.47%), and ertapenem (60.62%). Bovine isolates were sensitive to carbapenems. Many isolates (5.75\u201324.35%) from human, water, calves, kids, and lambs were multidrug resistant (MDR), with resistance against three or more classes of antimicrobials. A total of 170\/648 (26.23%) isolates were classified as STEC (9.88%), EPEC (4.32%), and ETEC (12.04%). The AMR genes, including\n \n bla\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n bla\n CMY2<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n bla\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n , and\n \n bla\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n were detected in the\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n from all sources. but\n \n bla\n NDM<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n bla\n KPC<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n were detected only in the isolates from human and water. Three STEC isolates from human origin possessed multiple ESBLs, carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase genes reported for the first time. ESBLs producing EPEC and ETEC in lambs and kids are also reported under this study. Presence of MDR-DEC in domestic animals and common potable water poses public health concern in this region.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T15:13:06Z","timestamp":1625065986000},"page":"1664-1671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n Pathotypes in North Eastern Region of India: Backyard Small Ruminants\u2013Human\u2013Water Interface"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Khawlhring","family":"Lalhruaipuii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tapan K.","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parimal","family":"Roychoudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satyaki","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prasant K.","family":"Subudhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indranil","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samiran","family":"Bandyopadhayay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR-ERS-IVRI, Kolkata, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soibam B.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Agricultural University, Imphal, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/aim.2014.47046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00535.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00575-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13216"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2003.00463.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.11.6753-6761.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl207"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1805.111153"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0248-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515258"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5022-5032.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001490"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.3.1072-1075.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00551-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00351-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06997-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","first-page":"1431","article-title":"Detection of a Shiga toxin- and extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 human clinical isolate","volume":"23","author":"Torpdahl M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Torpdahl M., , Nielsen E. 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