{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:49:55Z","timestamp":1792626595569,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We assessed the prevalence, distribution, and antibiotic resistance patterns of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. isolated from raw and treated wastewater of a major wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and the receiving river water upstream and downstream from the WWTP discharge point.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and enterococci were isolated and counted using the Colilert\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    -18 Quanti-Tray\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    2000 and Enterolert\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    -18 Quanti-Tray 2000 systems, respectively. A total of 580 quantitative PCR-confirmed\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 579 enterococci were randomly chosen from positive samples and tested for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibiotic susceptibility using the disk diffusion assay against 20 and 16 antibiotics, respectively. The removal success of the bacterial species through the treatment procedure at the WWTP was expressed as log removal values (LRVs). Most\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    were susceptible to meropenem (94.8%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (92.9%), with most\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    susceptible to ampicillin (97.8%) and vancomycin (96.7%). In total, 376 (64.8%)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 468 (80.8%)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR). A total of 42.4% (246\/580)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 65.1% (377\/579) enterococci isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance indices &gt;0.2. The LRV for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ranged from 2.97 to 3.99, and for enterococci the range was observed from 1.83 to 3.98. A high proportion of MDR\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli and<\/jats:italic>\n                    enterococci were present at all sampled sites, indicating insufficient removal during wastewater treatment. There is a need to appraise the public health risks associated with bacterial contamination of environmental waters arising from such WWTPs to protect the health of users of the receiving water bodies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T09:45:12Z","timestamp":1611913512000},"page":"904-918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Longitudinal Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance in\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Enterococcus<\/i>\n                    spp. from a Wastewater Treatment Plant and Its Associated Waters in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Mbanga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa."},{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akebe Luther King","family":"Abia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Gyamfi","family":"Amoako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabiha Y.","family":"Essack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization.. 2014. 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