{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:31:31Z","timestamp":1777923091134,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      WQ-3810 has strong inhibitory activity against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and other fluoroquinolone-resistant pathogens. The unique potentiality of this is attributed to 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl at R1 group. The aim of this study was to examine WQ-3810 and its derivatives WQ-3334 and WQ-4065 as the new drug candidate for wild-type\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and that carrying QnrB19.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      s) of WQ-3810, WQ-3334 (Br atom in place of methyl group at R8), and WQ-4065 (6-ethylamino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl in place of 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl group at R1) in the presence or absence of QnrB19 were assessed by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA supercoiling assay utilizing recombinant DNA gyrase and QnrB19.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      s of WQ-3810, WQ-3334, and WQ-4065 against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA gyrase were 0.031\u2009\u00b1\u20090.003, 0.068\u2009\u00b1\u20090.016, and 0.72\u2009\u00b1\u20090.39\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively, while QnrB19 increased IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      s of WQ-3810, WQ-3334, and WQ-4065 to 0.44\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05, 0.92\u2009\u00b1\u20090.34, and 9.16\u2009\u00b1\u20092.21\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      WQ-3810 and WQ-3334 showed stronger inhibitory activity against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      Typhimurium DNA gyrases than WQ-4065 even in the presence of QnrB19. The results suggest that 6-amino-3,5-difluoropyridine-2-yl group at R1 is playing an important role and WQ-3810 and WQ-3334 to be good candidates for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      carrying QnrB19.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T15:33:43Z","timestamp":1617982423000},"page":"1412-1419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effectiveness of Fluoroquinolones with Difluoropyridine Derivatives as R1 Groups on the\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    DNA Gyrase in the Presence and Absence of Plasmid-Encoded Quinolone Resistance Protein QnrB19"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ruttana","family":"Pachanon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Koide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siriporn","family":"Kongsoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nami","family":"Ajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thoko Flav","family":"Kapalamula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan."},{"name":"Global Station for Zoonosis Control, The Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orasa","family":"Suthienkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan."},{"name":"Global Station for Zoonosis Control, The Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Jessica M.H. and Beau B.B. 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