{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:11:16Z","timestamp":1790727076117,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We evaluated the \u03b2-lactam resistance phenotypes of clinical and environmental strains of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter cloacae complex<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ECC) isolated from three Algerian hospitals. The first combination of API 20E, matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and hsp60 genetic clustering methodologies were carried out for the identification of ECC strains. Our research showed that API 20E and MALDI TOF MS are satisfactory in genus identification of ECC strains, but sequence-based methods are then necessary to discriminate the species and subspecies levels. Among 36 ECC strains, 94.44% belonged to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. Twenty-five isolates clustered with the reference strain of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">xiangfangensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , making it the most frequently isolated subspecies.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacter kobei<\/jats:italic>\n                    was found only once (2.77%). All ECC isolates were phenotypically extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) producers and were resistant to ticarcillin, piperacillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and aztreonam, but susceptible to ertapenem and imipenem. The genetic analyses only allowed the detection of resistance genes of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTX-M-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    group (32 strains, 88.9%), including\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTX-M-15<\/jats:italic>\n                    (30 strains),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTX-M-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1 strain), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTX-M-22<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1 strain). We report for the first time the detection of CTX-M-22 among ECC strains in an Algerian hospital (Tlemcen hospital). None of the isolated strains harbored\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTX-M-2, CTX-M-9<\/jats:italic>\n                    , or\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CTX-M-8\/25<\/jats:italic>\n                    group genes. In this review, we address recent comparison in the identification methods of multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. cloacae complex<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Algeria, focusing also on the CTX-M ESBLs. This represents a serious public health challenge, which requires the clarification of the current situation and warrants the reinforcement of hygiene measures in the Algerian hospitals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T16:58:17Z","timestamp":1639155497000},"page":"346-354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["<i>Enterobacter cloacae<\/i>\n                    Complex and CTX-M Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases in Algeria"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Djahida","family":"Souna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, University of Hassiba Ben Bouali Chlef, Chlef, Algeria."},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomic and Bioinformatic, Team 1: Microbial Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Hassiba Ben Bouali Chlef, Chlef, Algeria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mourad","family":"Drissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life and Science of Earth and Universe, University Bekr Belkaid-Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iyad","family":"Almahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Maurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France."},{"name":"Grenoble Alpes University, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"pp","article-title":"Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Serratia spp","author":"Anthony Hart C.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Anthony Hart C. 2006. Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Serratia spp. In: S.H. Gillespie and P.M. Hawkey (eds). Principles and practice of clinical bacteriology. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 377\u2013386.","journal-title":"In: S.H. Gillespie and P.M. Hawkey (eds). Principles and practice of clinical bacteriology. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","first-page":"220","volume":"10","author":"Jr W.E","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sanders, Jr W.E, ., and Sanders C.C.. 1997. Enterobacter spp.: pathogens poised to flourish at the turn of the century. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 10:220\u2013241.","journal-title":"Enterobacter spp.: pathogens poised to flourish at the turn of the century. Clin. Microbiol. 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