{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:31:50Z","timestamp":1777923110283,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The resistance to treatment of onychomycosis is increasingly reported. The present study aimed to assess the antifungal activity of itraconazole, terbinafine, luliconazole, and efinaconazole against dermatophytes, molds, and also yeast isolated from patients with onychomycosis. Furthermore, the mechanism of resistance to terbinafine in resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic>\n                      species was evaluated using the squalene epoxidase (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SQLE<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) gene sequence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 71 fungal isolates were collected from 97 patients with suspected onychomycosis. The identification of fungal species was performed using conventional and molecular approaches.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      drug susceptibility for itraconazole, terbinafine, luliconazole, and efinaconazole was carried out using the broth microdilution method according to the CLSI-M60 and CLSI-M38 3rd ed., respectively. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SQLE<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene of one terbinafine-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic>\n                      was amplified using the specific primers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Efinaconazole and luliconazole demonstrated higher effectiveness against all isolates in the study. One mismatch was detected at position 1177, which showed A\u2009\u2192\u2009C change associated with Phe397Leu amino acid substitution of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SQLE<\/jats:italic>\n                      protein in terbinafine-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. mentagrophytes<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The occurrence of resistant strains of organisms causing onychomycosis should be considered and evaluated. Furthermore, the identification of amino acid changes responsible for resistance to antifungals is a useful consideration in drug\u2013target interaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T16:57:06Z","timestamp":1627059426000},"page":"1658-1663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Drug Sensitivity Profile of Fungi Isolated from Onychomycosis Patients and Evaluation of Squalene Epoxidase Mutation in One Terbinafine-Resistant\n                    <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes<\/i>\n                    Species"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Firooz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Daneshpazhooh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Razi Dermatology Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ensieh","family":"Lotfali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahshid","family":"Sharzad Kavkani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Khamesipoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Nassiri Kashani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Miramin Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ebrahim","family":"Skandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saman","family":"Ahmad Nasrollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azam","family":"Fattahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"105","article-title":"The simple molecular method for confirming identification of the main species of fungi Candida, Aspergillus and Dermatophyte","volume":"25","author":"Moallemzadeh S.A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moallemzadeh S.A., , Yadegari M.H, , Rajabi Bazl M., , and Kachuei R.. 2014. The simple molecular method for confirming identification of the main species of fungi Candida, Aspergillus and Dermatophyte. J. Urmia Univ. Med. Sci. 25:105\u2013112.","journal-title":"J. Urmia Univ. Med. Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12854"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.40543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"415","article-title":"Onychomycosis: rationalization of topical treatment","volume":"10","author":"Shemer A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shemer A., , Trau H., , Davidovici B., , Amichai B., , and Grunwald M.H.. 2008. Onychomycosis: rationalization of topical treatment. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 10:415.","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. 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Shirvani, A. Ayatollahi, et al. 2020. Multidrug-resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VIII in an Iranian family with generalized dermatophytosis: report of four cases and review of literature. Int. J. Dermatol. [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1111\/ijd.15226","journal-title":"et al"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.62493"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"et al","author":"Fattahi A.","unstructured":"Fattahi A., , Lotfali E., , and Masoumi-Asl H., et al. 2020. Candidemia and its risk factors in neonates and children. Arch. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 8: e10, 1431."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"Wayne P. 2017. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts approved standard. CLSI Document M27-M60."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"Wayne P. 2017. 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