{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T23:56:31Z","timestamp":1784159791174,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ESBL-PE) and plasmid-mediated AmpC \u03b2-lactamase producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                    (AmpC-PE) in healthy children in Ardabil, Iran. A total of 305 fecal samples were collected. Isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, phenotypic and genotypic identification of \u03b2-lactamase production, and epidemiologic molecular typing. In total, 21.5%, 1.5%, and 1.2% of volunteers were extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-, AmpC-, and simultaneous ESBL\/AmpC-PE carriers, respectively.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the predominant ESBL producing bacterium (70.2%) found in ESBL-PE colonized subjects. Beyond ESBL positive isolates,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    group genes were the most common type (75.6%) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    (non-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    and non-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were in the second place (25.6%). Among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    (55.3%) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    (55.3%) were the most predominant types with equal prevalence. Some isolates were multi-enzyme producers.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CIT<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>DHA<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes were common AmpC type enzyme encoding genes found in AmpC-PE isolates. Most isolates produced both enzymes at the same time. The number of students in the classes was statistically associated with ESBL-PE intestinal carriage (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, 46 (65.7%), 3 (60%), 4 (100%), and 98 (39.8%) ESBL-, AmpC-, ESBL\/AmpC, and non-ESBL\/AmpC-PE isolates were multidrug-resistant, respectively. Overall, regardless of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, 62% and 59.5% of isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole and tetracycline, respectively. The majority of ESBL producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (69.2%) belonged to phylogroup A. According to Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction, there was no clonal relatedness between isolates. This study showed a high rate of multi-resistant ESBL-PE intestinal carriage among healthy individuals in Iran.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2021.0029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T13:11:59Z","timestamp":1662469919000},"page":"921-934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases and pAmpC Producing\n                    <i>Enterobacterales<\/i>\n                    in an Iranian Community: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Molecular Epidemiology, and Antibiotic Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Habibzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Peeri Doghaheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meysam","family":"Manouchehri Far","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Alimohammadi Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohrab","family":"Iranpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Arzanlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","unstructured":"Murray P.R. Rosenthal K.S Pfaller M.A(eds). 2016. Medical microbiology 8th ed. Elsevier Philadelphia pp. 251\u2013264."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Prevalence of multiple drug resistant clinical isolates of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in southeast Iran","volume":"35","author":"Mansouri S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mansouri S., , and Abbasi S.. 2010. Prevalence of multiple drug resistant clinical isolates of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in southeast Iran. Iran J. Med. Sci. 35: 101\u2013108.","journal-title":"Iran J. Med. Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0904124"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","first-page":"49","volume":"61","author":"Arzanlou M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arzanlou M., , Chai W.C, , and Venter H.. 2017. Intrinsic, adaptive and acquired antimicrobial resistance in gram negative bacteria, Essays Biochem. 61:49\u201359.","journal-title":"Intrinsic, adaptive and acquired antimicrobial resistance in gram negative bacteria, Essays Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0548-9","article-title":"Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase, plasmid-mediated AmpC \u03b2-lactamase, fluoroquinolone resistance, and decreased susceptibility to carbapenems in Enterobacteriacae: fecal carriage rates and associated risk factors in the community of northern Cyprus","volume":"8","author":"Ruh E.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruh E., J.Zakka, K.Hoti, et al. 2019. Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase, plasmid-mediated AmpC \u03b2-lactamase, fluoroquinolone resistance, and decreased susceptibility to carbapenems in Enterobacteriacae: fecal carriage rates and associated risk factors in the community of northern Cyprus. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control. 8:98.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.24171\/j.phrp.2018.9.1.03","article-title":"Prevalence of fecal carriage of CTX-M-15 \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy children from a rural Andean village in Venezuela","volume":"9","author":"Araque M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Araque M., , and Labrador I.. 2018. Prevalence of fecal carriage of CTX-M-15 \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy children from a rural Andean village in Venezuela. Osong. Public Health Res. Perspect. 9:9\u201315.","journal-title":"Osong. Public Health Res. Perspect"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.9734\/BMRJ\/2014\/9792","article-title":"Prevalence and genotypic characterization of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases produced by gram negative bacilli at a tertiary care hospital in rural south western Uganda","volume":"4","author":"Moses A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moses A., , F.Bwanga, Y.Boum, and Bazira J.. 2014. Prevalence and genotypic characterization of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases produced by gram negative bacilli at a tertiary care hospital in rural south western Uganda. Br. Microbiol. Res. J. 4:1541\u20131550.","journal-title":"Br. Microbiol. Res. J"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases: definition, classification and epidemiology","volume":"17","author":"Ghafourian S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghafourian S., , Sadeghifard N., , Soheili S., , and Sekawi Z.. 2015. Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases: definition, classification and epidemiology. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 17:11\u201321.","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01861.x","article-title":"Minor extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"14","author":"Naas T.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Naas T., , Poirel L., , and Nordmann P.. 2008. Minor extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases. Clin. Microbiol .Infect. 14,(Suppl. 1)::42\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol .Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases: an update on their characteristics, epidemiology and detection","volume":"16","author":"Castanheira M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Castanheira M., , Simner P.J, , and Bradford P.A.. 2021. Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases: an update on their characteristics, epidemiology and detection. JAC Antimicrob. Resist. 16:3.","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.6.2153-2162.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14252\/foodsafetyfscj.2017011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00023-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.129856","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"32","author":"Kammili N.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kammili N., , N.Cherukuri, Palvai S, et al. 2014. Molecular epidemiology of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary care hospital. Indian J. Med. Microbiol. 32:205\u2013207.","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","first-page":"212","article-title":"Carriage of ESBL and AmpC-positive Enterobacteriacae in gastrointestinal tract of healthy community subjects and hospitalized patients and detection of blaCTX-M\n                   gene in ESBL positive isolates","volume":"149","author":"Rashid M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rashid M., , Modi S., , Sarwat T., , Chander Y., , Rastogi V., , and Manocha H.. 2015. Carriage of ESBL and AmpC-positive Enterobacteriacae in gastrointestinal tract of healthy community subjects and hospitalized patients and detection of blaCTX-M gene in ESBL positive isolates. Ind. Med. Gaz. 149: 212\u2013218.","journal-title":"Ind. Med. Gaz"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2410.171842","article-title":"Rapid increase in carriage rates of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in healthy preschool children, Sweden","volume":"24","author":"Kaarme J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaarme J., , Riedel H., , Schaal W., , Yin H., , Neveus T., , and Melhus A.. 2018. Rapid increase in carriage rates of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in healthy preschool children, Sweden. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 24:1874\u20131881.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","first-page":"pp","article-title":"Textbook of diagnostic microbiology, 5th ed","author":"Mahon C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahon C., , and Lehman D.(eds). 2015. Textbook of diagnostic microbiology, 5th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia,, PA, pp. 420\u2013454.","journal-title":"Saunders, Philadelphia,"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","first-page":"USA","article-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 32nd ed","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2022. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 32nd ed. CLSI supplement M100 (ISBN 978-1-68440-134-5 [Print]; ISBN 978-1-68440-135-2 [Electronic]). Clinical and Laboratory Standards, Institute, USA.","journal-title":"CLSI supplement M100 (ISBN 978-1-68440-134-5 [Print]; ISBN 978-1-68440-135-2 [Electronic]). Clinical and Laboratory Standards"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwalbe R. Steele-Moore L. and Goodwin A.C(eds). 2007. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing protocols 1st ed. CRC Press New York.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420014495"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","unstructured":"The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 2022. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 12.0. Available at www.eucast.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03361-13","article-title":"Modified CLSI extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) confirmatory test for phenotypic detection of ESBLs among Enterobacteriacae producing various \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"52","author":"Poulou A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Poulou A., , Grivakou E., , Vrioni G., et al. 2014. Modified CLSI extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) confirmatory test for phenotypic detection of ESBLs among Enterobacteriacae producing various \u03b2-lactamases. J. Clin. Microbiol. 52:1483\u20131489.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detection of AmpC \u03b2-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria","volume":"6","author":"Gupta G.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gupta G., , Tak V., , and Mathur P.. 2014. Detection of AmpC \u03b2-lactamases in gram-negative bacteria. J. Lab. Phys. 6:1\u20136.","journal-title":"J. Lab. Phys"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.071299","article-title":"CTX-M \u03b2-lactamases in Escherichia coli from community acquired urinary tract infections, Cambodia","volume":"15","author":"Rupp\u00e9 E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rupp\u00e9 E., , Hem S., , Lath S., et al. 2009. CTX-M \u03b2-lactamases in Escherichia coli from community acquired urinary tract infections, Cambodia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15:741\u2013748.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","first-page":"161","article-title":"Diversity of CTX-M \u03b2-lactamases and their promoter regions from Enterobacteriaceae isolated in three Parisian hospitals","volume":"209","author":"Saladin M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saladin M., , Cao V.T, , Lambert T., et al. 2002. Diversity of CTX-M \u03b2-lactamases and their promoter regions from Enterobacteriaceae isolated in three Parisian hospitals. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 209:161\u2013168.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(97)00196-1","article-title":"Substitution of alanine for aspartate at position 179 in the SHV-6 extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase","volume":"152","author":"Arlet G.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arlet G., , Rouveau M., , and Philippon A.. 1997. Substitution of alanine for aspartate at position 179 in the SHV-6 extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 152:163\u2013167.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","article-title":"Clonal dissemination of a CTX-M-15 \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli strain in the Paris area, Tunis, and Bangui","author":"Lavollay M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lavollay M., , Mamlouk K., , Frank T., et al. 2006. Clonal dissemination of a CTX-M-15 \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli strain in the Paris area, Tunis, and Bangui. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:2433\u20132438.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2864-2872.2001","article-title":"Characterization of clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from 19 laboratories using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase detection methods","volume":"39","author":"Steward C.D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Steward C.D., , Rasheed J.K, , Hubert S.K, et al. 2001. Characterization of clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from 19 laboratories using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase detection methods. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39:2864\u20132872.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4745","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.11.4745-4750.2005","article-title":"CTX-M-2 and a new CTX-M-39 enzyme are the major extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in multiple Escherichia coli clones isolated in Tel Aviv, Israel","volume":"49","author":"Chmelnitsky I.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chmelnitsky I., , Carmeli Y., , Leavitt A., , Schwaber M.J, , and Navon-Venezia S.. 2005. CTX-M-2 and a new CTX-M-39 enzyme are the major extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in multiple Escherichia coli clones isolated in Tel Aviv, Israel. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:4745\u20134750.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47636","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047636","article-title":"Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and aminoglycoside resistance determinants among carbapeneme non-susceptible Enterobacter cloacae","volume":"7","author":"Huang S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang S., , Dai W., , Sun S., , Zhang X., , and Zhang L.. 2012. Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance and aminoglycoside resistance determinants among carbapeneme non-susceptible Enterobacter cloacae. PLoS One. 7:e47636.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01412-06","article-title":"Spread of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase CTX-M producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal","volume":"51","author":"Mendon\u00e7a N.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mendon\u00e7a N., , Leit\u00e3o J., , Manageiro V., , Ferreira E., , and Cani\u00e7a M.. 2007. Spread of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase CTX-M producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates in community and nosocomial environments in Portugal. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 51:1946\u20131955.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp194","article-title":"Rapid detection of the O25b-ST131 clone of Escherichia coli encompassing the CTX-M-15 producing strains","volume":"64","author":"Clermont O.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clermont O., , Dhanji H., , Upton M., et al. 2009. Rapid detection of the O25b-ST131 clone of Escherichia coli encompassing the CTX-M-15 producing strains. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 64:274\u2013277.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn084","article-title":"The CTX-M-15 producing Escherichia coli diffusing clone belongs to a highly virulent B2 phylogenetic subgroup","volume":"61","author":"Clermont O.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clermont O., , Lavollay M., , Vimont S., et al. 2008. The CTX-M-15 producing Escherichia coli diffusing clone belongs to a highly virulent B2 phylogenetic subgroup. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61:1024\u20131028.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm448","article-title":"Prevalence of qnr genes among extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing enterobacterial isolates in Barcelona, Spain","volume":"61","author":"Lavilla S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lavilla S., , Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez J.J, , Sabat\u00e9 M., et al. 2007. Prevalence of qnr genes among extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing enterobacterial isolates in Barcelona, Spain. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 61:291\u2013295.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-12-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12019"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2012.00374.x","article-title":"Commensal Escherichia coli strains in Guiana reveal a high genetic diversity with host-dependent population structure","volume":"5","author":"Lescat M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lescat M., , Clermont O., , Woerther P.L, et al. 2013. Commensal Escherichia coli strains in Guiana reveal a high genetic diversity with host-dependent population structure. Environ. Microbiol. Rep. 5:49\u201357.","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol. Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.24.6823"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of ESBL, Ampc and carbapenemase-producing Enterobactericeae isolated from hospitalized patients in Azerbaijan, Iran","volume":"17","author":"Ghotaslou R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghotaslou R., , Sadeghi M.R, , Akhi M.T, , Hasani A., , and Asgharzadeh M.. 2018. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of ESBL, Ampc and carbapenemase-producing Enterobactericeae isolated from hospitalized patients in Azerbaijan, Iran. Iran J. Pharm. Res. 17(Suppl.), 79\u201388.","journal-title":"Iran J. Pharm. Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","article-title":"Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in pediatric patients visiting international friendship children's hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal","author":"Kayastha K.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kayastha K., , Dhungel B., , Karki S., et al. 2020. Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in pediatric patients visiting international friendship children's hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Infect. Dis. (Auckl). 13:1178633720909798.","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. (Auckl)"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30130-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.30699\/ijp.14.1.61","article-title":"Bacteria producing extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) in hospitalized patients: prevalence, antimicrobial resistance pattern and its main determinants","volume":"14","author":"Yousefipour M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yousefipour M., , Rasoulinejad M., , Hadadi A., et al. 2019. Bacteria producing extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) in hospitalized patients: prevalence, antimicrobial resistance pattern and its main determinants. Iran. J. Pathol. 14:61\u201367.","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e318238748e"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","first-page":"52","article-title":"Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum, AmpC, metallo \u03b2-lactamases and their co-existence in clinical isolates of commonly isolated gram negative bacteria in GKGH hospital, Bhuj","volume":"5","author":"Rubee Chanu T.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rubee Chanu T., , Shah P.K, , Soni S., , and Ghosh A.N.. 2019. Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum, AmpC, metallo \u03b2-lactamases and their co-existence in clinical isolates of commonly isolated gram negative bacteria in GKGH hospital, Bhuj. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. Trop Dis. 5:52\u201356.","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol. Trop Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9110786"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4103\/jrpp.JRPP_19_42","article-title":"Antibiotic utilization in Iran 2000\u20132016: pattern analysis and benchmarking with organization for economic co-operation and development countries","volume":"8","author":"Abbasian H.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abbasian H., , Hajimolaali M., , Yektadoost A., , and Zartab S.. 2019. Antibiotic utilization in Iran 2000\u20132016: pattern analysis and benchmarking with organization for economic co-operation and development countries. J. Res. Pharm. Pract. 8:162\u2013167.","journal-title":"J. Res. Pharm. Pract"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0356"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","article-title":"Risk factors for fecal carriage of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia strains among patients at hospital admission","author":"Kizilates F.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kizilates F., , Yakupogullari Y., , Berk H., , Oztoprak N., , and Otlu B.. 2020. Risk factors for fecal carriage of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia strains among patients at hospital admission. Am. J. Infect. Control. S0196-65533063-X.","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv441","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriacae in Amsterdam","author":"Reuland E.A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reuland E.A., , Al Naiemi N., , Kaiser A.M, et al. 2016. Prevalence and risk factors for carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriacae in Amsterdam. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 71:1076\u20131082.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-53","article-title":"Proportion of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacteriacae in community setting in Ngaoundere, Cameron","volume":"12","author":"Lonchel C.M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lonchel C.M., , Meex C., , Gangoue-Pieboji J., et al. 2012. Proportion of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacteriacae in community setting in Ngaoundere, Cameron. BMC Infect. Dis. 12:53.","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0396"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3102-9","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for intestinal carriage of CTX-M type ESBLs in Enterobacteriacae from a Thai community","volume":"37","author":"Niumsup P.R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Niumsup P.R., , Tansawai U., , Na-Udom A., et al. 2018. Prevalence and risk factors for intestinal carriage of CTX-M type ESBLs in Enterobacteriacae from a Thai community. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 37:69\u201375.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.07.029","article-title":"High prevalence of carbapenemase, AmpC \u03b2-lactamase and aminoglycoside resistance genes in extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-positive uropathogens from Northern India","volume":"20","author":"Gajamer V.R.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gajamer V.R., , Bhattacharjee A., , Paul D., et al. 2020. High prevalence of carbapenemase, AmpC \u03b2-lactamase and aminoglycoside resistance genes in extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-positive uropathogens from Northern India. J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist. 20:197\u2013203.","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051981"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2016.1154538","article-title":"Treatment options for extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing bacteria","volume":"17","author":"D'Angelo R.G.","year":"2016","unstructured":"D'Angelo R.G., , Johnson J.K, , Bork J.T, , and Heil E.L.. 2016. Treatment options for extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC-producing bacteria. Expert. Opin. Pharmacother. 17:953\u2013967.","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Pharmacother"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.27967","article-title":"Characterization of CTX-M type extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Klebsiella spp in Kashan, Iran","volume":"8","author":"Afzali H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Afzali H., , Firoozeh F., , Amiri A., , Moniri R., , and Zibaei M.. 2015. Characterization of CTX-M type extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Klebsiella spp in Kashan, Iran. Jundishapur J. Microbiol. 8:1\u20135.","journal-title":"Jundishapur J. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00239","article-title":"High prevalence and risk factors of fecal carriage of CTX-M type extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacteriacae from healthy rural residents of Taian, China","volume":"6","author":"Zhang H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang H., , Zhou Y., , Guo S., , and Chang W.. 2015. High prevalence and risk factors of fecal carriage of CTX-M type extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacteriacae from healthy rural residents of Taian, China. Front. Microbiol. 6:239.","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1309\/LMUUWBHMZEDYTBW5","article-title":"Distribution of CTX-M \u03b2-lactamase genes among Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in Iran","volume":"40","author":"Mirzaee M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mirzaee M., , Owlia P., , and Mansouri S.. 2009. Distribution of CTX-M \u03b2-lactamase genes among Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in Iran. Lab. Med. 40:724\u2013727.","journal-title":"Lab. Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf240","article-title":"Biochemical analysis of the ceftazidime-hydrolyzing extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase CTX-M-15 and of its structurally related \u03b2-lactamase CTX-M-3","volume":"50","author":"Poirel L.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Poirel L., , Gniadkowski M., , and Nordmann P.. 2002. Biochemical analysis of the ceftazidime-hydrolyzing extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase CTX-M-15 and of its structurally related \u03b2-lactamase CTX-M-3. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 50:1031\u20131034.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3295","article-title":"Detection and genotype analysis of AmpC \u03b2-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumonia from tertiary hospitals","volume":"12","author":"Liu X.Q.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu X.Q., , and Liu Y.R.. 2016. Detection and genotype analysis of AmpC \u03b2-lactamase in Klebsiella pneumonia from tertiary hospitals. Exp. Ther. Med. 12:480\u2013484.","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-018-0807-x","article-title":"Fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli by community children in southern Taiwan","volume":"18","author":"Huang I.F.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang I.F., , Lee W.Y, , Wang J.L, et al. 2018. Fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli by community children in southern Taiwan. BMC Gastroenterol. 18:86.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0626-z","article-title":"Fecal carriage of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital and community settings in Chad","volume":"8","author":"Ouchar Mahamat O.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ouchar Mahamat O., , Tidjani A., , Lounnas M., et al. 2019. Fecal carriage of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital and community settings in Chad. Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control. 8:169.","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.4.657-686.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2021.08.002","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing profiles of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from hospital and community adult patients in Blantyre, Malawi","volume":"6","author":"Onduru O.G.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Onduru O.G., , Aboud S., , Nyirenda T.S, , Rumisha S.F, , and Mkakosya R.S.. 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing profiles of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from hospital and community adult patients in Blantyre, Malawi. IJID. Reg. 6:47\u201352.","journal-title":"IJID. Reg"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26486-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2298"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_67_2","article-title":"Worldwide phylogenetic group patterns of Escherichia coli from commensal human and wastewater treatment plant isolates","author":"Silva J.S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stoppe, N.d.C., Silva J.S, , Carlos C., et al. 2017. Worldwide phylogenetic group patterns of Escherichia coli from commensal human and wastewater treatment plant isolates. Front. Microbiol. 8:2512.","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0029","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0029","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0029","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:39:22Z","timestamp":1777667962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0029"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2021.0029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0029","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}}}