{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T21:24:47Z","timestamp":1789161887584,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The spread of multidrug-resistant and virulent\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    among children is a public health concern, but the actual conditions in Myanmar have not been characterized. In this study, a total of 244 clinical isolates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    collected from pediatric patients in Yangon Children's Hospital during a 1-year period were analyzed for their drug resistance and genetic features. Methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) accounted for 19.7% of isolates associated with staphylococcal cassette chromosome\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    (SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) type III, IV, or V. Panton\u2013Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes were detected in 61.5% of all isolates, with a significantly higher prevalence in methicillin-susceptible\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MSSA; 67.9%) than in MRSA (35.4%) isolates. Sequence type (ST) 239\/SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    -III was the most common MRSA clone lacking PVL genes, while PVL-positive MRSA belonged to mostly ST361\/SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    -V and ST772\/SCC\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    -V. Among MSSA isolates, ST121, ST2990, ST88, and ST1930 were dominant, harboring mostly PVL genes. ST239 MRSA isolates exhibited the highest resistance rates to antimicrobials, and quinolone resistance was found in the dominant MRSA clones (ST239, ST361, and ST772) and some MSSA lineages. The present study revealed the prevalence and clonal diversity of MRSA\/MSSA in children in Myanmar in relation to drug resistance and virulence determinants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2021.0051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T17:50:26Z","timestamp":1633629026000},"page":"191-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clonal Diversity and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    from Pediatric Patients in Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8402-5349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meiji Soe","family":"Aung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thida","family":"San","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangon Children's Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Urushibara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilar","family":"San","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myat Su","family":"Hlaing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Myanmar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan Ei","family":"Soe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Laboratory, Yangon, Myanmar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wut Hmone Win","family":"Htut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingin","family":"Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangon Children's Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Win Lei Yi","family":"Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zar Chi Nyein","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dawei General Hospital, Dawei, Myanmar."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobumichi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00020-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0147-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092760"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00081-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"Novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type XIV (5A) and a truncated SCCmec element in SCC composite islands carrying speG in ST5 MRSA in Japan","volume":"75","author":"Urushibara N.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Urushibara N., , Aung M.S, , Kawaguchiya M., , and Kobayashi N.. 2020. Novel staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type XIV (5A) and a truncated SCCmec element in SCC composite islands carrying speG in ST5 MRSA in Japan. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 75:46\u201350.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17185","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017185","article-title":"Severe infections of Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus in children","volume":"98","author":"Hoppe P.A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoppe P.A., , Holzhauer S., , Lala B., et al. 2019. Severe infections of Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus in children. 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