{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T09:37:48Z","timestamp":1778405868709,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The global emergence of antibiotic resistance, especially in Gram-negative bacteria, is an urgent threat to public health. Inevitably, considering its extensive use and misuse, resistance toward ciprofloxacin has increased in almost all clinically relevant bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptome changes at a high concentration of ciprofloxacin in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In brief, 1,418 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, from which 773 genes were upregulated by ciprofloxacin, whereas 651 genes were downregulated. Enriched biological pathways reflected the upregulation of biological processes such as DNA damage and repair system, toxin\/antitoxin systems, formaldehyde detoxification system. With kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis, higher expressed DEGs were associated with \u201cLPS biosynthesis,\u201d \u201cstreptomycin biosynthesis,\u201d and \u201cpolyketide sugar unit biosynthesis.\u201d Lower expressed DEGs were associated with \u201cbiosynthesis of amino acids\u201d and \u201cflagellar assembly\u201d pathways. After treatment of ciprofloxacin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release was increased by two times, and the gene expression level of LPS synthesis was elevated (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in both reference and clinical strains. Our results demonstrated that transient exposure to high-dose ciprofloxacin is a double-edged sword. Cautions should be taken when administering high-dose antibiotic treatment for infectious diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2021.0117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T19:27:17Z","timestamp":1651778837000},"page":"501-510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genome-Wide Screening and Characterization of Genes Involved in Response to High Dose of Ciprofloxacin in\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingtai","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China."},{"name":"Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingmei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China."},{"name":"Wu Lien-Teh Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-021-01397-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14741"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00001-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2011.02933.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","first-page":"USA","article-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"Melvin P.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Melvin P., , Weinstein M.. 2021. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Clinical and Laboratory Standards, Institute, USA.","journal-title":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp612"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-10-r106"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00602-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2850183"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","first-page":"e00009","volume":"2","author":"Erickson K.E.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Erickson K.E., , Otoupal P.B, , and Chatterjee A.. 2017. Transcriptome-level signatures in gene expression and gene expression variability during bacterial adaptive evolution. mSphere. 2:e00009-17.","journal-title":"Transcriptome-level signatures in gene expression and gene expression variability during bacterial adaptive evolution. mSphere"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34191-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01489-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S242304"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa709"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020388"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30960"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm456"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4176-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27549"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","first-page":"e00292","volume":"10","author":"Takekawa N.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Takekawa N., , Isumi M., , Terashima H., et al. 2019. Structure of Vibrio FliL, a new stomatin-like protein that assists the bacterial flagellar motor function. mBio. 10:e00292-19.","journal-title":"Structure of Vibrio FliL, a new stomatin-like protein that assists the bacterial flagellar motor function. mBio"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","first-page":"2124","article-title":"Role of low-level quinolone resistance in generating tolerance in Escherichia coli under therapeutic concentrations of ciprofloxacin","volume":"75","author":"Ortiz-Padilla M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ortiz-Padilla M., , Diaz-Diaz S., , Machuca J., et al. 2020. Role of low-level quinolone resistance in generating tolerance in Escherichia coli under therapeutic concentrations of ciprofloxacin. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 75:2124\u20132132.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","first-page":"66","article-title":"Suppression of the SOS response modifies spatiotemporal evolution, post-antibiotic effect, bacterial fitness and biofilm formation in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli","volume":"74","author":"Recacha E.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Recacha E., , Machuca J., , Diaz-Diaz S., et al. 2019. Suppression of the SOS response modifies spatiotemporal evolution, post-antibiotic effect, bacterial fitness and biofilm formation in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 74:66\u201373.","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000317"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02004-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13607"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50668-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymben.2018.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38879"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00710-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.6.1631-1639.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide changes after exposure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibacterial drugs","volume":"16","author":"Giordano A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Giordano A., , Magni A., , Trancassini M., , and Cipriani P.. 1993. Outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide changes after exposure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibacterial drugs. New Microbiol. 16:281\u2013286.","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","first-page":"307","article-title":"Effects of continuous exposure to ciprofloxacin on the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa","volume":"17","author":"Magni A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Magni A., , Giordano A., , Papa F., , de Vito D., , and Cipriani P.. 1994. Effects of continuous exposure to ciprofloxacin on the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa. New Microbiol. 17:307\u2013312.","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-021-00921-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-131-34059"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0117","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0117","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:39:31Z","timestamp":1777667971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0117"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2021.0117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0117","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]}}}