{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:31:52Z","timestamp":1777923112616,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With the emergence of multidrug-resistant and pan-resistant strains,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) shows higher treatment failure rates and mortality in clinics. It is more important to develop an effective method for treating\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumonia<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections. The main objectives of this study were to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) for eight antimicrobial agents against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolated from different hosts and compare the emergence of resistant mutants between animal strains and human strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 72 nonduplicate\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates and 8 antimicrobial agents (amikacin, azithromycin, levofloxacin, doxycycline, nitrofurantoin, colistin, tigecycline, and imipenem) were used. The MIC and MPC values were determined using agar plate assays. The values of the selection index (SI) were calculated with MPC\n                      <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/MIC\n                      <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using published plasma pharmacokinetic variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For human isolate strains, the MPC\n                      <jats:sub>50\/90<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\u03bcg\/mL) values were as follows: amikacin, 32\/128; azithromycin, 64\/128; levofloxacin, 4\/16; doxycycline, 32\/32; nitrofurantoin, 128\/512; colistin, 4\/8; tigecycline, 8\/16; and imipenem, 4\/8. The value of SI was 8 for azithromycin, doxycycline, and tigecycline; 16 for amikacin, levofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin; 4 for imipenem; and 2 for colistin. For animal isolate strains, the MPC\n                      <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                      values were 128\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for azithromycin and doxycycline, 64\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for amikacin, 32\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for levofloxacin, 512\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for nitrofurantoin, 8\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for colistin and tigecycline, 4\u2009\u03bcg\/mL for imipenem. The value of SI was 2 for colistin and imipenem, 8 for tigecycline, 16 for amikacin, and 32 for the other four agents. In combination with pharmacokinetic parameters, these findings indicated that the plasma concentrations of the seven antibiotics except imipenem were below the MPC for the entire dosing interval.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ability of eight antibiotics to prevent resistant mutants of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      was different between animal strains and human strains. Higher doses than those currently approved should be required to prevent the enrichment of mutants of drug-resistant bacteria in the clinics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2021.0228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T16:11:04Z","timestamp":1638375064000},"page":"229-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparative Minimal Inhibitory and Mutant Prevention Concentration of Eight Antimicrobial Agents Against\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China."},{"name":"Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sisi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hafiz Muhammad","family":"Ishaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.4.589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.7.3325-3327.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuy043","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae infection biology living to counteract host defences","volume":"43","author":"Bengoechea J.A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bengoechea J.A., , and Sa Pessoa J.. 2019. 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