{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:12:49Z","timestamp":1784265169835,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The study explored the potential colonization and characterization of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the gut of free-range poultry from the rural households in Bangladesh. From 48 households located in several rural regions (eastern, western, and southern) of Bangladesh, 180 poultry fecal samples were collected to isolate ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. ESBL producers were characterized by susceptibility testing, conjugation experiment, conventional polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) followed by sequencing. Total 23% (42\/180) poultry were ESBL positive consisting of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200941) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091). ESBL producers were resistant to Cefotaxime (CTX; 100%), Cefepime (100%), Amoxicillin\u2013clavulanic acid (36%), Ciprofloxacin (31%), and Trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole (24%), and 12% isolates were multidrug resistant. All ESBL producers were carrying\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    -like\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/genotype.Isolates\">genotype.Isolates<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    were also carrying genes for quinolone resistance [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">qnrS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6\u2032)-Ib-cr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ], silver resistance (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">silE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and mercury resistance (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">merA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Isolates were negative for 025b-ST131 clone,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mcr-1,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene. The repetitive element PCR revealed 15 different clones of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and some of these clones were found to be common in 3 sampling locations. MLST analysis of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed 9 different sequence types (STs); ST4, ST156, ST542, ST1140, ST1290, ST4628, ST5114, ST9768, and ST11317. ESBL producers were carrying transferable plasmids and 4 different plasmid replicon types;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IncI1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (29%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IncY<\/jats:italic>\n                    (7%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IncFIB<\/jats:italic>\n                    (7%), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IncF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    (5%). The findings from the study confirmed that free-range poultry are potential ESBL carriers with coresistance to other antibiotic classes, metals, and biocides. This study confirms that free-range poultry in Bangladesh living close to humans without any direct antibiotic exposure could carry ESBL bacteria. Free-range poultry could be reservoir as well as a potential spreader of pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and antibiotic- or biocide-resistant genes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2021.0264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T12:37:34Z","timestamp":1656333454000},"page":"780-786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Clinically Relevant Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>CTX-M-15<\/sub>\n                    -Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Free-Range Chicken from Households in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Badrul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden."},{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6te","family":"Swedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/s0716-10182018000300299"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1812.120513"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.110655"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2001121"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0323"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"26712","article-title":"Antimicrobial-resistant and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in different ecological niches in Bangladesh","volume":"5","author":"Rashid M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rashid M., , Rakib M.M, , and Hasan B.. 2015. Antimicrobial-resistant and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in different ecological niches in Bangladesh. Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol. 5:26712.","journal-title":"Infect. Ecol. Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx146"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.12.5715-5721.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"Bangladesh","article-title":"Fecal carriage of multi-drug resistant and extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing E","author":"Hasan B.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hasan B., , Islam K., , Ahsan M., et al. 2014. Fecal carriage of multi-drug resistant and extended spectrum beta-lactamases producing E. coli in household, pigeons, Bangladesh. Vet. 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