{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:32:02Z","timestamp":1777923122181,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"abstract":"\n Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n species are a normal flora of animals and humans. However, life-threatening opportunistic infections can be caused by antimicrobial resistant strains. Fecal (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200942) and feed (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20098) samples were obtained from a mink farm and cultured for the enumeration and detection of erythromycin-resistant (a macrolide; ERY\n r<\/jats:sup>\n )- and tetracycline-resistant (TET\n r<\/jats:sup>\n ) enterococci. ERY\n r<\/jats:sup>\n and TET\n r<\/jats:sup>\n enterococci were detected from all fecal (mean concentrations\u2009=\u20096 and 7 logs, respectively) and feed (mean concentrations\u2009=\u20095 and 4 logs, respectively) samples. While\n Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n were detected at equal proportions among the fecal TET\n r<\/jats:sup>\n isolates,\n E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n predominated among ERY\n r<\/jats:sup>\n fecal isolates. All ERY\n r<\/jats:sup>\n and 90% of the TET\n r<\/jats:sup>\n isolates (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200950) were multidrug resistant (resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes). Among ERY\n r<\/jats:sup>\n isolates, while 83% of\n E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200912) were positive for\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (B), 58% of\n E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200938) isolates were positive for\n msr<\/jats:italic>\n (C). Among ERY\n r<\/jats:sup>\n isolates,\n tet<\/jats:italic>\n (M) was detected from 92% of\n E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200912) and 97% of\n E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200938) isolates. Conversely, however,\n erm<\/jats:italic>\n (B) was detected in 18% of\n E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200922) and 33% of\n E. faecium<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200927) TET\n r<\/jats:sup>\n isolates. Our study provides a baseline for future efforts to reduce antimicrobial resistance and improve antimicrobial stewardship in commercial mink production facilities.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2021.0438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T11:10:22Z","timestamp":1652699422000},"page":"734-743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Tetracycline- and Macrolide-Resistant\n Enterococcus<\/i>\n Species Isolated from a Mink Farm in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9903-5283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Getahun E.","family":"Agga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randal S.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132586"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212510"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0259"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"pp","article-title":"Enterococcus diversity, origins in nature, and gut Colonization","author":"Lebreton F.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lebreton F., , Willems R.J.L, , and Gilmore M.S.. 2014. Enterococcus diversity, origins in nature, and gut Colonization. In M.S. Gilmore, D.B. Clewell, Y. Ike, and N. Shankar (eds.), Enterococci: from commensals to leading causes of drug resistant infection. Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston,, MA, pp. 5\u201363.","journal-title":"In M.S. Gilmore, D.B. Clewell, Y. Ike, and N. Shankar (eds.), Enterococci: from commensals to leading causes of drug resistant infection. Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston,"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77417-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2761"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"pp","article-title":"Enterococcal infection\u2014treatment and antibiotic resistance","author":"Kristich C.J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kristich C.J., , Rice L.B, , and Arias C.A.. 2014. Enterococcal infection\u2014treatment and antibiotic resistance. In M.S. Gilmore, D.B. Clewell, Y. Ike, and N. 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