{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T10:46:51Z","timestamp":1783594011235,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The emergence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates displaying resistance to antimicrobials, in particular to ceftriaxone monotherapy or ceftriaxone plus azithromycin, represents a global public health concern. This study aimed to analyze the trend of antimicrobial resistance in a 7-year isolate collection retrospective analysis in Italy. Molecular typing on a subsample of gonococci was also included. A total of 1,810 culture-positive gonorrhea cases, collected from 2013 to 2019, were investigated by antimicrobial susceptibility, using gradient diffusion method, and by the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST). The majority of infections occurred among men with urogenital infections and 57.9% of male patients were men who have sex with men. Overall, the cefixime resistance remained stable during the time. An increase of azithromycin resistance was observed until 2018 (26.5%) with a slight decrease in the last year. In 2019, gonococci showing azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentration above the EUCAST epidemiological cutoff value (ECOFF) accounted for 9.9%. Ciprofloxacin resistance and penicillinase-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (PPNG) percentages increased reaching 79.1% and 18.7% in 2019, respectively. The most common sequence types identified were 5,441, 1,407, 6,360, and 5,624. The predominant genogroup (G) was the 1,407; moreover, a new genogroup G13070 was also detected. A variation in the antimicrobial resistance rates and high genetic variability were observed in this study. The main phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were described to monitor the spread of drug-resistant gonorrhea.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2021.0483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T09:58:36Z","timestamp":1675936716000},"page":"85-95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Seven Years of Culture Collection of\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    : Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Carannante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Vacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivano","family":"Dal Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prevention, Sexual Health Center, ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino, Turin, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Ghisetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, ASL Citt\u00e0 di Torino, Turin, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cusini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"Prignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Virology, Pathology and Microbiology, IRCCS San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Vocale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Reference Center for Microbiological Emergencies (CRREM), Unit of Microbiology, St Orsola Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Barbui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Stroppiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science, Dermatology Clinic, \u201cCitt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza of Turin,\u201d Turin, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Busetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Mencacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy."},{"name":"Microbiology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Rotondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Microbiological Analysis Laboratory, Marilab s.r.l., Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Antonia","family":"De Francesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Microbiology, University of Brescia-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Luciana","family":"Bonanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Innocenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, \u201cComprensorio Sanitario,\u201d Bolzano, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Agnese","family":"Latino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Bacteriology, Department of \u201cMedicina di Laboratorio,\" P. O. Sant'Anna, Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino,\u201d Turin, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Riccobono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Poletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Infectious Diseases, Castelli Hospital Verbania, Verbania, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines Clotilde","family":"Casonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, \u201cA. O. Umberto I Mauriziano di Torino,\u201d Turin, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziella","family":"Soldato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, ASL Pescara, Pescara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigina","family":"Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Boros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ciammaruconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florigio","family":"Lista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Department, Army Medical Center, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Stefanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0128-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual epidemiological report for 2018: Gonorrhoea. Stockholm: ECDC 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/gonorrhoea-annual-epidemiological-report-2018.pdf [Last accessed: July 17 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","author":"Ison CA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ison CA, , Hussey J, , Sankar KN, et al. Gonorrhoea treatment failures to cefixime and azithromycin in England, 2010. Euro Surveill, 2011;16(14):pii\u2009=\u200919833.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","first-page":"1273","volume":"56","author":"Unemo M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Unemo M, , Golparian D, , Nicholas R, et al. High-level cefixime- and ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in France: Novel penA mosaic allele in a successful international clone causes treatment failure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2012; 56:1273\u20131280.","journal-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051117"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","first-page":"2021","article-title":"Stockholm: ECDC 2021","volume":"17","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance in European Union\/European Economic Area \u2013 Summary of results for","year":"2019","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance in European Union\/European Economic Area \u2013 Summary of results for. 2019. Stockholm: ECDC 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Gonococcal-antimicrobial-susceptibility-surveillance-2019.pdf [Last accessed: November, 17, 2021].","journal-title":"Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Gonococcal-antimicrobial-susceptibility-surveillance-2019.pdf [Last accessed: November"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","first-page":"2021","article-title":"Stockholm: ECDC 2020","volume":"17","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance in Europe \u2013 Results summary","year":"2018","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance in Europe \u2013 Results summary. 2018. Stockholm: ECDC 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/gonococcal-antimicrobial-susceptibility-Euro-GASP-2018.pdf [Last accessed: November, 17, 2021].","journal-title":"Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/gonococcal-antimicrobial-susceptibility-Euro-GASP-2018.pdf [Last accessed: November"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","first-page":"2020","article-title":"Stockholm: ECDC 2018","volume":"26","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance in Europe,","year":"2016","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance in Europe,. 2016. Stockholm: ECDC 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/EURO-GASP-report-2016.pdf [Last accessed: May, 26, 2020].","journal-title":"Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/EURO-GASP-report-2016.pdf [Last accessed: May"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189484"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00103-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462412472837"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1512757"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","volume-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae","author":"Eyre DW","unstructured":"Eyre DW, , Sanderson ND, , Lord E, et al. Gonorrhoea treatment failure caused by a Neisseria gonorrhoeae. strain with combined ceftriaxone and high-level azithromycin resistance, England, February 2018. Euro Surveill 2018;23(27): 1800323; doi: 10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.27.180, 0323"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6950a6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","unstructured":"Fifer H Saunders J Soni S et al. British association for sexual health and national guideline for the management of infection with HIVNeisseria gonorrhoeae. 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.bashhguidelines.org\/media\/1208\/gc-2019.pdf [Last accessed: October 28 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19023"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Molecular typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae \u2013 results from a pilot study 2010\u20132011. ECDC 2012. Available from: https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/portal\/files\/media\/en\/publications\/Publications\/201211109-Molecular-typing-gonorrhea.pdf [Last accessed: October 28 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00040-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Molecular typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae \u2013 a study of 2013 isolates. Stockholm: ECDC 2018. Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Molecular-typing-N-gonorrhoeae-web.pdf [Last accessed: May 27 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9040193"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters Version 11.0 valid from 2021-01-01. Available from: https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/clinical_breakpoints\/ [Last accessed: September 7 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters Version 8.1 valid from 2018-01-01. Available from: https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/clinical_breakpoints\/ [Last accessed: January 28 2018]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw288"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383047"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0371"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","first-page":"2021","article-title":"Accountability for the global health sector strategies 2016-2021: Actions for impact","volume":"7","author":"Global progress report on HIV","year":"2021","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021. Accountability for the global health sector strategies 2016-2021: Actions for impact. Geneva: WHO;2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240027077 [Last accessed: September, 7, 2021].","journal-title":"Geneva: WHO;2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240027077 [Last accessed: September"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","first-page":"211","article-title":"Antibacterial activity and pharmacological features of fluoroquinolones and considerations on their use in a nosocomial setting","volume":"15","author":"Cornaglia G","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cornaglia G, , Koncan R, , Arrigucci S, et al. Antibacterial activity and pharmacological features of fluoroquinolones and considerations on their use in a nosocomial setting. Infez Med, 2007; 15(4): 211\u2013236.","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1732836"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","unstructured":"Public Health England. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 2016. Available from: https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/771134\/GRASP_Report_2016.pdf [Last accessed: September 7 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regnath T Mertes T Ignatius R. Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in south-west Germany 2004 to 2015: Increasing minimal inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline but no resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. Euro Surveill 2016;21:1\u20137.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.36.30335"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881900150X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta23200"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.42.1900576"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","unstructured":"Carannante A Vacca P Lo Presti A et al. e la Rete di Sorveglianza di laboratorio dell'antibiotico resistenza in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sorveglianza di laboratorio dell'antibiotico resistenza in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: risultati del biennio 2016-2017. Notiziario dell\u2019 Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 2019;Volume 32 N. 3. Available from: https:\/\/www.iss.it\/documents\/20126\/0\/MARZO.pdf\/5990bce7-e216-39c2-82a9-eeb7be2b6f3d?t=1604583886439 [Last accessed: September 7 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30225-1"}],"container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0483","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0483","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0483","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:40:12Z","timestamp":1777668012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0483"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/mdr.2021.0483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mdr.2021.0483","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-6294","1931-8448"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-6294","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-8448","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]}}}