{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:09Z","timestamp":1787008209805,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial resistance, particularly resistance to carbapenems, has become one of the major threats to public health. Seventy-two isolates were collected from patients and hospital environment of Ibn Sina Hospital, Sirte, Libya. Antibiotic susceptibility tests, using the disc diffusion method and E-Test strips, were performed to select carbapenem-resistant strains. The colistin (CT) resistance was also tested by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). RT-PCR was conducted to identify the presence of carbapenemase encoding genes and plasmid-mediated mcr CT resistance genes. Standard PCR was performed for positive RT-PCR and the chromosome-mediated CT resistance genes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mgrB, pmrA, pmrB, phoP, phoQ<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Gram-negative bacteria showed a low susceptibility to carbapenems. Molecular investigations indicated that the metallo-\u03b2-lactamase New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamases-1 was the most prevalent (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913), followed by Verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM) enzyme (VIM-2 [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096], VIM-1 [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091], and VIM-4 [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091]) that mainly detected among\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas spp<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The oxacillinase enzyme OXA-23 was detected among six\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and OXA-48 was detected among one\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Citrobacter freundii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and three\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae,<\/jats:italic>\n                    in which one coharbored the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    carbapenemase enzyme and showed resistance to CT (MIC\u2009=\u200964\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) by modification in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pmrB<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. In this study, we report for the first time the emergence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    carrying the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    gene and belonging to sequence type773 in Libya. Our study reported also for the first time CT resistance by mutation in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pmrB<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene among Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Libya.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2022.0060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T12:06:08Z","timestamp":1683288368000},"page":"333-343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Epidemiology, Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from a Libyan Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Khouloud","family":"Slimene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille Cedex 05, France."},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille Cedex 05, France."},{"name":"Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomol\u00e9cules Actives, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie."},{"name":"Laboratoire de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Universit\u00e9 de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie."},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Service en Commun Pour la Recherche \u00ab Plateforme G\u00e9nomique \u00bb Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Universit\u00e9 de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allaaeddin El","family":"Salabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olfa","family":"Dziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomol\u00e9cules Actives, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie."},{"name":"Laboratoire de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Universit\u00e9 de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie."},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Service en Commun Pour la Recherche \u00ab Plateforme G\u00e9nomique \u00bb Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Universit\u00e9 de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najla","family":"Mathlouthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomol\u00e9cules Actives, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie."},{"name":"Laboratoire de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Universit\u00e9 de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie."},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Service en Commun Pour la Recherche \u00ab Plateforme G\u00e9nomique \u00bb Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Universit\u00e9 de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seydina M.","family":"Diene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille Cedex 05, France."},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille Cedex 05, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elhussan Ahmed","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sterilization Service Department, Benghazi Medical Center, Benghazi, Libya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadalla M.A.","family":"Amhalhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Sirte University, Sirte, Libya."},{"name":"ICU Department, Ibn Sina Hospital, Sirte, Libya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed O.","family":"Aboalgasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sirte, Sirte, Libya."},{"name":"Infection Prevention and Patient Safety Office, Ibn Sina Hospital, Sirte, Libya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jomaa F.","family":"Alrjael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICU Department, Ibn Sina Hospital, Sirte, Libya."},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Ibn Sina Hospital, Sirte, Libya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Rolain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Marseille Cedex 05, France."},{"name":"IHU M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection, Marseille Cedex 05, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8294-8289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chedly","family":"Chouchani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomol\u00e9cules Actives, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie."},{"name":"Laboratoire de Recherche des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Universit\u00e9 de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie."},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Service en Commun Pour la Recherche 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