{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:32:40Z","timestamp":1777923160970,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteremia is a serious health care-associated infection with significant morbidity and excess hospitalization costs. Our aim is to study the association between incidences of MDR bacteremia, antibiotic consumption, and infection control measures in a hospital from 2013 to 2018.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed the following indices: (1) incidence of bacteremia (carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumanii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , vancomycin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Enterococci<\/jats:italic>\n                      ); (2) use of antibiotics; (3) consumption of disinfectant solutions for hand hygiene; and (4) isolation rates of MDR carrier patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The use of advanced antibiotics (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and carbapenems (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008) decreased significantly in all hospital departments but the incidence of total MDR bacteremia did not change significantly. Increased use of hand disinfectant solutions was statistically associated with decreased incidence of total MDR bacteremia (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.94, confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.90\u20130.99,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.020) in all hospital. Also, increased isolation rates of MDR carrier patients 2 months before correlated with decreased incidence of bacteremia due to carbapenem-resistant gram-negative pathogens (IRR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18\u20130.66,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.001) in adults intensive care unit.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our hospital, hand hygiene and isolation of MDR carrier patients controlled MDR bacteremia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2022.0074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T14:15:33Z","timestamp":1657808133000},"page":"806-818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Six-Year Time-Series Data on Multidrug-Resistant Bacteremia, Antibiotic Consumption, and Infection Control Interventions in a Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Amalia","family":"Papanikolopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0264-3547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena C.","family":"Maltezou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Kritikou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, European Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Kandalepas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Peristeri Medical Center, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andronikos","family":"Pentzouris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Paleo Faliro Medical Center, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kartsonakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genovefa","family":"Chronopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopathology, and Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Gargalianos-Kakolyris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Pantazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Tsakris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Kantzanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.46.1800516"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Working Group for the National Action Plan to combat infections due to carbapenem-resistant, Gram-negative pathogens in acute-care hospitals in Greece","volume":"2","author":"Maltezou H.C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maltezou H.C., , Kontopidou F., , Dedoukou X., et al. 2014. Working Group for the National Action Plan to combat infections due to carbapenem-resistant, Gram-negative pathogens in acute-care hospitals in Greece. Action Plan to combat infections due to carbapenem-resistant, Gram-negative pathogens in acute-care hospitals in Greece. J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist. 2:11\u201316.","journal-title":"Action Plan to combat infections due to carbapenem-resistant, Gram-negative pathogens in acute-care hospitals in Greece. J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00065-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30325-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","first-page":"555","article-title":"Consensus on Antimicrobial Stewardship Evaluations (CASE) study group","volume":"25","author":"Schweitzer V.A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schweitzer V.A., , van Heijl I., , van Werkhoven C.H, et al. 2019. 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