{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:32:33Z","timestamp":1777923153530,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Efflux by resistance nodulation cell division transporters, such as AcrAB-TolC in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , substantially contributes to the development of Gram-negative multidrug resistance. Therefore, the finding of compounds that counteract efflux is an urgent goal in the fight against infectious diseases. Previously, an efflux inhibitory activity of the antimalarials mefloquine and artesunate was reported. In this study, we have investigated further antimalarials regarding efflux by AcrB, the pumping part of AcrAB-TolC, and their drug-enhancing potency in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We show that 10 of the 24 drugs tested are substrates of the multidrug efflux pump AcrB. Among them, tafenoquine and proguanil, when used at subinhibitory concentrations, caused an at least 4- and up to 24-fold enhancement in susceptibility to 6 and 14 antimicrobial agents, respectively. Both antimalarials are able to increase the intracellular accumulation of Hoechst 33342, with proguanil showing similar effectiveness as the efflux inhibitor 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)piperazine. In the case of proguanil, AcrB-dependent efflux inhibition could also be demonstrated in a real-time efflux assay. In addition to presenting new AcrB substrates, our study reveals two previously unknown efflux inhibitors among antimalarials. Particularly proguanil appears as a promising candidate and its chemical scaffold might be further optimized for repurposing as antimicrobial drug enhancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2022.0138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T11:17:02Z","timestamp":1666091822000},"page":"1065-1070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Screening of Antimalarials Extends the Range of Known\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    AcrB Efflux Substrates and Reveals Two Candidates with Antimicrobial Drug-Enhancing Activity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sabine","family":"Schuster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Vavra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winfried V.","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00117-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","article-title":"Adjunctive therapy for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections: Type III secretion system and efflux inhibitors","author":"Moir DT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moir DT, , Opperman TJ, , Aron ZD, et al. 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