{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:33:48Z","timestamp":1777923228864,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat requiring urgent attention and effective strategies for containment. AMR is fueled by wastewater mismanagement and global mobility, disseminating multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains worldwide. While global estimates of AMR burden have been informative, community-level understanding has received little attention despite reports of high AMR prevalence in healthy communities. We assessed the \u201cinvasion\u201d of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the normal human flora by characterizing AMR\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in local wastewaters contributed by a healthy youth population. This study estimated 26% (out of 300 isolates) resistant and 59% plasmid-bearing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in local wastewater. Of the 78 AMR isolates, the frequency of mono-resistance was higher against tetracycline (32%), followed by kanamycin (17%) and chloramphenicol (9%). Five isolates were potentially MDR. We further sequenced four MDRs and four sensitive strains to comprehend the genome and resistome diversity in comparison to the global wastewater\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (genomes from the PATRIC database). The whole-genome analysis revealed extensive genome similarity among global isolates, suggesting global dissemination and colonization of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Global wastewater resistome majorly comprised ARGs against aminoglycosides (26%), beta-lactam (17%), sulfonamide (11%), and trimethoprim (8%). Resistance to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic, was prevalent in MDRs of European and South Asian isolates. A systems approach is required to address the AMR crisis on a global scale, reduce antibiotic usage, and increase the efficiency of wastewater management and disinfection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2022.0296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T11:06:55Z","timestamp":1703675215000},"page":"37-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Resistome Diversity in\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Isolates of Global Wastewaters"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Pavithra Anantharaman","family":"Sudhakari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Evolution, 312@ASK1, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2511-4162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhaskar Chandra Mohan","family":"Ramisetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Evolution, 312@ASK1, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0192-9","article-title":"Abundance and diversity of the faecal resistome in slaughter pigs and broilers in nine European countries","volume":"3","author":"Munk P","year":"2018","unstructured":"Munk P, , Knudsen BE, , Lukjancenko O, et al. 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