{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:33:18Z","timestamp":1777923198584,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Nontyphoid salmonella can cause severe infections in newborns and is therefore declared a pathogen of major health significance at this age. The aim of the study was molecular and antimicrobial characterization of \u03b2-lactamase-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Mikawasima outbreak clone on a Neonatal ward, University Hospital of Split (UHS), Croatia during the COVID-19 pandemic. From April 2020, until April 2023, 75 nonrepetitive strains of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Mikawasima were isolated from stool specimens and tested for antimicrobial resistance. All 75 isolates were resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin, while 98% of isolates were resistant to amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid. A high level of resistance was observed to third-generation cephalosporins (36% to ceftriaxone and 47% to ceftazidime). Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase production was phenotypically detected by double-disk synergy test in 40% of isolates. Moderate resistance to quinolones was detected; 7% of isolates were resistant to pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to carbapenems, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole. Fourteen representative isolates, from 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, were analyzed with PFGE and all of them belong to the same clone. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of three outbreak-related strains (SM1 and SM2 from 2020 and SM3 from 2023) confirmed that these strains share the same serotype (Mikawasima), multilocus sequence typing profile (ST2030), resistance genes [\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM-1B,<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aac(6\u2032)-Iaa, aac(6\u2032)-Im,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aph(2\u2032\u2032)-Ib)<\/jats:italic>\n                    ] and carry incompatibility group C (IncC) plasmid. Furthermore, the gene\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    was detected in SM1 and SM2. In summary, WGS analysis of three representative strains clearly demonstrates the persistence of \u03b2-lactamase-producing\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Mikawasima in UHS during the 4-year period.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2023.0132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T16:54:11Z","timestamp":1707411251000},"page":"118-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of a Hospital Outbreak Clonal Lineage of\n                    <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n                    Subspecies\n                    <i>enterica<\/i>\n                    serovar Mikawasima Containing\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>TEM-1B<\/sub>\n                    and\n                    <i>bla<\/i>\n                    <sub>SHV-2<\/sub>\n                    That Emerged on a Neonatal Ward, During the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6330-4058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Novak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Split, Croatia, Split, Croatia."},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia."},{"name":"ESCMID Food and Waterborne Infections Study Group \u2013 EFWISG, Basel, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Dzelalija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1030-6092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Goic-Barisic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Split, Croatia, Split, Croatia."},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Kovacic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching Public Health Institute of Split and Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Pirija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Split, Croatia, Split, Croatia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Maravic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Radic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Split, Croatia, Split, Croatia."},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jelena","family":"Marinovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Split, Croatia, Split, Croatia."},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zana","family":"Rubic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Split, Croatia, Split, Croatia."},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merica","family":"Carev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia."},{"name":"ESCMID Food and Waterborne Infections Study Group \u2013 EFWISG, Basel, Switzerland."},{"name":"Teaching Public Health Institute of Split and Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia."},{"name":"Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Tonkic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Split, Croatia, Split, Croatia."},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01189","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01189-18","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteriemias from England, 2004 to 2015","volume":"57","author":"Katiyo S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Katiyo S, , Muller-Pebody B, , Minaji M, et al. 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