{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T11:19:16Z","timestamp":1782731956477,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Drug Resistance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Supplements with their own beneficial effect on hosts are consumed by us. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and Vitamin C (Vit C) are antioxidants and supplements, consumed for their beneficial properties. The present investigation evaluates the effect of their antioxidant property on antibiotic efficacy against\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells from different physiological states, including exponential and stationary-phase, cell aggregates, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in-vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    stress-induced persister cells. Survival was measured in cfu\/mL by cfu (colony-forming unit) counting, with efficacy determined by log-fold change in survival by comparing CFUs in antibiotics alone and antibiotic + antioxidant combinations. Fluoroquinolones in the presence of NAC reduced \u223c1 log CFUs of log-phase and persister cells, while Vit C reduced CFUs (\u223c1\u20133-log increase) of cells from all physiological states. Aminoglycosides results were inconclusive; streptomycin\u2019s activity declined (\u223c1\u20133-log increase in survival), whereas amikacin\u2019s activity potentiated (\u223c1-log reduction in cfu\/mL). Rifampicin\u2019s showed reduced activity (\u223c2\u20133 log increase in survival) with Vit C in all the states and a \u223c1\u20132 log increase with NAC, especially in cell aggregates and persisters. Beta-lactams activity showed variability, with amoxicillin and ampicillin not being influenced, but ceftriaxone showed significant reduction of efficacy (\u223c2\u20133-log increase in survival) in all the treatments. The findings suggest that the overall impact of antioxidants on antibiotic efficacy varies depending on the antibiotic class.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2024.0135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T07:45:42Z","timestamp":1738309542000},"page":"87-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["N-Acetyl Cysteine and Vitamin C Modulate the Antibiotic Efficacy Against\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    Cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Princi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India."},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anushka","family":"Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India."},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudheer Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India."},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Antimicrobial resistance. Geneva Switzerland; 2017. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/antimicrobial-resistance [Last accessed: July4 2024]."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.36.4.167","article-title":"Escherichia coli infections","volume":"36","author":"Makvana S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Makvana S, , Krilov LR. Escherichia coli infections. Pediatr Rev, 2015; 36(4):167\u2013170; quiz 171; doi: 10.1542\/pir.36-4-167","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.70902"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","unstructured":"National Institute of Health. Vitamin C Fact sheet for Health Professionals. Available from: https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/VitaminC-HealthProfessional\/ [Last accessed: July4 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","unstructured":"Cysteine Information. Mount Sinai Egypt. Available from: https:\/\/www.mountsinai.org\/health-library\/supplement\/cysteine [Last accessed: July4 2024]."},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10080900","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine protects bladder epithelial cells from bacterial invasion and displays antibiofilm activity against urinary tract bacterial pathogens","volume":"10","author":"Manoharan A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manoharan A, , Ognenovska S, , Paino D, et al. N-acetylcysteine protects bladder epithelial cells from bacterial invasion and displays antibiofilm activity against urinary tract bacterial pathogens. 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