{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T19:37:17Z","timestamp":1777923437065,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is common among women of reproductive age. Although traditional cardiac risk factors are known to be altered and improved with short-term metformin therapy, not much is known about novel cardiac risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lifestyle modification and short-term metformin therapy on the fasting serum lipids, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and serum homocysteine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Native overweight [body mass index (BMI) &gt;23\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] Indian women diagnosed with PCOS were evaluated and subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test and determination of insulin, homocysteine, hsCRP, and fasting lipids levels. They were started on maximally tolerated doses of metformin along with lifestyle modification. Following 3 months of therapy, they were resampled.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 36 consecutive patients included, 25 women completed 3 months of metformin treatment and were eligible for repeat evaluation. The age of study group was 22.2\u00b15 years. Twenty-two (61%) women were obese (BMI &gt;25\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Improvement was seen in body weight, BMI, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hsCRP, and serum testosterone on metformin therapy. However, no improvement was seen in serum fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, or homocysteine.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum hsCRP improved with lifestyle modification and metformin therapy for 3 months in overweight subjects from India with PCOS, along with serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-C. However, markers of insulin resistance and serum homocysteine did not improve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2011.0127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,2]],"date-time":"2012-04-02T15:01:41Z","timestamp":1333378901000},"page":"273-279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of Lifestyle Modification and Metformin Therapy on Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight Indian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gadekal","family":"Rajagopal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amaresh P.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chittari","family":"Venkata Harinarayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vaikkakara","family":"Suresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Bitla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa","family":"P.V.L.N. Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alok","family":"Sachan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","author":"Zawadski JK","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zawadski JK, , Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: Towards a rational approach. Dunaif A, , Givens JR, , Haseltine FP, , Merriam GR. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992; 377\u2013384."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.38.9.1165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1843"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-006-0056-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-1-199701010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70665-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00035-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.01000.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000130484.20501.df"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003233421202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000055014.62083.05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.6.7580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707243370403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.8.1625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Metformin effects on clinical features, endocrine and metabolic profiles, and insulin sensitivity in polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-month trial, followed by open, long-term clinical evaluation","volume":"85","author":"Moghetti P","year":"2000","unstructured":"Moghetti P, , Castello R, , Negri C et al. Metformin effects on clinical features, endocrine and metabolic profiles, and insulin sensitivity in polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-month trial, followed by open, long-term clinical evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2000; 85:139\u2013146.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021688"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-23489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh700"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-21-11-1440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","volume-title":"Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1999","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: Report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.021634"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","first-page":"775","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia in rural and urban Indians","volume":"54","author":"Yajnik CS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yajnik CS, , Deshpande SS, , Lubree HG et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia in rural and urban Indians. J Assoc Physicians India, 2006; 54:775\u2013782.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0294"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"612","article-title":"Insulin resistance at different stages of diabetic kidney disease in India","volume":"58","author":"Viswanathan V","year":"2010","unstructured":"Viswanathan V, , Tilak P, , Meerza R et al. Insulin resistance at different stages of diabetic kidney disease in India. J Assoc Physicians India, 2010; 58:612\u2013615.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.27971"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1380269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"3161","article-title":"Endocrine and metabolic effects of metformin vs. ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized study","volume":"85","author":"Morin-Papunen LC","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morin-Papunen LC, , Vauhkonen I, , Koivunen RM et al. Endocrine and metabolic effects of metformin vs. ethinyl estradiol-cyproterone acetate in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2000; 85:3161\u20133168.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)58266-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","first-page":"524","article-title":"Effects of metformin on insulin secretion, insulin action, and ovarian steroidogenesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Ehrmann DA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ehrmann DA, , Cavaghan MK, , Imperial J et al. Effects of metformin on insulin secretion, insulin action, and ovarian steroidogenesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1997; 82:524\u2013530.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.11.1663"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1756"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1226-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590701554306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.20.5.0381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Lipid profile and Homocysteine level changes in metformin and metformin-letrozole therapy with South Indian PCOS women","volume":"1","author":"Dhanalakshmi G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dhanalakshmi G, , Sumathi P, , Pasupathi P et al. Lipid profile and Homocysteine level changes in metformin and metformin-letrozole therapy with South Indian PCOS women. Int J Cur Biomed Phar Res, 2011; 1:102\u2013108.","journal-title":"Int J Cur Biomed Phar Res"}],"container-title":["Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/met.2011.0127","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/met.2011.0127","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/met.2011.0127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:47:09Z","timestamp":1777668429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/met.2011.0127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/met.2011.0127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/met.2011.0127","relation":{},"ISSN":["1540-4196","1557-8518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-4196","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}}}