{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T08:02:37Z","timestamp":1779696157172,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estradiol, testosterone (T), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels are associated with lipid subfractions in men and women. Our objective was to determine if associations are independent from adipose tissue area among Asian Indians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from 42 women and 57 Asian Indian men who did not use exogenous steroids or lipid-lowering medications. Lipoprotein subfractions including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) were assessed by ion mobility spectrometry. Intra-abdominal adiposity was assessed by computed tomography. Multivariable regression models estimated the association between sex hormones with lipoprotein subfractions before and after adjustment for adiposity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among women, lower\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      SHBG levels were associated with smaller\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      LDL particle size and higher\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      triglycerides,\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      VLDL, and\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      IDL, although these associations were attenuated with adjustment for visceral adiposity in particular. Among women, lower\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      SHBG levels was significantly associated with lower\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      medium LDL and\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      small LDL concentrations even after consideration of visceral and hepatic adiposity and insulin resistance as represented by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Among men, lower\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      SHBG was also associated with smaller\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      LDL peak diameter size and higher\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      triglycerides and\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      VLDL, even after adjustment for HOMA-IR and adiposity. Relationships between sex steroids and lipid subfractions were not significant among women. Among men, higher total testosterone was associated with higher\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      HDL and\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      LDL particle size, and lower\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      triglycerides and\n                      <jats:sub>log<\/jats:sub>\n                      VLDL, but these associations were partially attenuated with adjustment for adiposity and HOMA-IR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among Asian Indians, SHBG is associated with more favorable lipid subfraction concentrations, independent of hepatic and visceral fat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2015.0063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,2]],"date-time":"2015-10-02T11:17:14Z","timestamp":1443784634000},"page":"445-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Endogenous Sex Steroid Hormones, Lipid Subfractions, and Ectopic Adiposity in Asian Indians"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"},{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengchun","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald M.","family":"Krauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank Z.","family":"Stanczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa T.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda L.","family":"Needham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alka M.","family":"Kanaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"University of California"},{"name":"University of California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22219"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4601.099487"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2012.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.073684"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-11-0460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2008.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-014-0467-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2009.0062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12642"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2014.46208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"757","article-title":"Reliability and validity of commercially available, direct radioimmunoassays for measurement of blood androgens and estrogens in postmenopausal women","volume":"10","author":"Rinaldi S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rinaldi S, , Dechaud H, , Biessy C, et al. 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